Chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some generalizations about protists?

A

All the eukaryotes that aren’t plants, animals or fungi
not a monophyletic group; many protists are more closely related to plants, animals or fungi than they are to each other
most are unicellular

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2
Q

What are some organelles that the protist use?

A

nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
lysosomes

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3
Q

Do protists use multicellular organs?

A

No protists have sub cellular organelles

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4
Q

What are the three way protists obtain nutrition?

A

photoautotrophs use photosynthesis
heterotrophs obtain nutrition from organic molecule or larger food particles
mixotrophs combine heterotrophic and photosynthesis

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5
Q

What is endosymbiosis?

A

a relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism

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6
Q

What is the evolution of some membrane-bound organelles such as the mitochondria credited to?

A

endosymbiosis. A host cell engulfed a bacterium that would later become an organelle

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7
Q

What are the four supergroups of eukaryotes?

A

Excavata
SAR clade
Archaeplastida
Unikonta

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8
Q

What are some examples of Excavate?

A

Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans

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9
Q

What are some examples of SAR clade?

A
Diatoms
Golden algae
Brown algae
Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Forams
Cercozoans
Radiolarians
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10
Q

What are some examples of Archaeplastida

A

Red algae
Chlorophytes
Charophytes

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11
Q

What are some examples of Unikonta?

A

Slime molds
Tubulinids
Entamoebas
Choanoflagellates

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12
Q

How are plastids suspected to evolve?

A

A cyanobacterium was engulfed by an ancestral heterotrophic eukaryote

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13
Q

What is secondary endosymbiosis?

A

A cyanobacterium is engulfed once. It diversifies into red algae and is then engulfed again.

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14
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell. it is carried out by some protist and by certain immune cells of animals

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15
Q

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ?

A

differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion

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16
Q

What is an example of a protist with a flagella?

A

Cryptaulax

17
Q

What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

A

Cilia are short, hair like appendages, present all over body

flagella are long, whip like appendages, present at one end or two,

18
Q

What is an example of a protist with cilia?

A

Paramecium

19
Q

How does pseudopodium cause movement?

A

The formation of cytoplasmic projections, or pseudopodia, on the forward edge of the cell, pulling the cell along`

20
Q

What is an example of a protist with pseudopodium?

A

Amoeba proteus

21
Q

What are some examples of parasitic protists?

A

Giardia lamblia

Trichomonas vaginalis

22
Q

What is the red tide?

A

Red tide is a common name for a phenomenon known as an algal bloom (large concentrations of aquatic microorganisms) when it is caused by a few species of dinoflagellates and the bloom takes on a red or brown color.