Chapter 28

Question 1

What are some generalizations about protists?

Answer 1

All the eukaryotes that aren’t plants, animals or fungi
not a monophyletic group; many protists are more closely related to plants, animals or fungi than they are to each other
most are unicellular

Question 2

What are some organelles that the protist use?

Answer 2

nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
lysosomes

Question 3

Do protists use multicellular organs?

Answer 3

No protists have sub cellular organelles

Question 4

What are the three way protists obtain nutrition?

Answer 4

photoautotrophs use photosynthesis
heterotrophs obtain nutrition from organic molecule or larger food particles
mixotrophs combine heterotrophic and photosynthesis

Question 5

What is endosymbiosis?

Answer 5

a relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism

Question 6

What is the evolution of some membrane-bound organelles such as the mitochondria credited to?

Answer 6

endosymbiosis. A host cell engulfed a bacterium that would later become an organelle

Question 7

What are the four supergroups of eukaryotes?

Answer 7

Excavata
SAR clade
Archaeplastida
Unikonta

Question 8

What are some examples of Excavate?

Answer 8

Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans

Question 9

What are some examples of SAR clade?

Answer 9

Diatoms
Golden algae
Brown algae
Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Forams
Cercozoans
Radiolarians

Question 10

What are some examples of Archaeplastida

Answer 10

Red algae
Chlorophytes
Charophytes

Question 11

What are some examples of Unikonta?

Answer 11

Slime molds
Tubulinids
Entamoebas
Choanoflagellates

Question 12

How are plastids suspected to evolve?

Answer 12

A cyanobacterium was engulfed by an ancestral heterotrophic eukaryote

Question 13

What is secondary endosymbiosis?

Answer 13

A cyanobacterium is engulfed once. It diversifies into red algae and is then engulfed again.

Question 14

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 14

A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell. it is carried out by some protist and by certain immune cells of animals

Question 15

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ?

Answer 15

differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion

Question 16

What is an example of a protist with a flagella?

Answer 16

Cryptaulax

Question 17

What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

Answer 17

Cilia are short, hair like appendages, present all over body

flagella are long, whip like appendages, present at one end or two,

Question 18

What is an example of a protist with cilia?

Answer 18

Paramecium

Question 19

How does pseudopodium cause movement?

Answer 19

The formation of cytoplasmic projections, or pseudopodia, on the forward edge of the cell, pulling the cell along`

Question 20

What is an example of a protist with pseudopodium?

Answer 20

Amoeba proteus

Question 21

What are some examples of parasitic protists?

Answer 21

Giardia lamblia

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 22

What is the red tide?

Answer 22

Red tide is a common name for a phenomenon known as an algal bloom (large concentrations of aquatic microorganisms) when it is caused by a few species of dinoflagellates and the bloom takes on a red or brown color.