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Biological Psychology > Chapter 3.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 3.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is neuroanatomy?

A

Anatomy of the nervous system

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2
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Connects brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

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4
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A
  • Part of the peripheral nervous system
  • Made of axons
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5
Q

what do the axons in the somatic nervous system do?

A

Take in messages from sensory organs, sending input to central nervous system, which sends inputs to the muscles

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6
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Part of peripheral nervous system
  • Controls body’s organs
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7
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A
  • Part of autonomic nervous system
  • Controls digestive system
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8
Q

What dimensions are the nervous system?

A

3-Dimensional

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9
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

Toward the back

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10
Q

What does ventral mean?

A

Toward the stomach

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11
Q

What kind of angle is the dorsal/ventral axis of the human brain to the dorsal/ventral axis of the spinal cord?

A

90 degrees

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12
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Toward the midline, away from the side

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13
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Toward the side, away from the midline

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14
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A

Positioned on the same side(s) of the body

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15
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

Positioned on opposite sides of the body

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16
Q

What are the dorsal root ganglia?

A

Clusters of neurons outside of the spinal cord

17
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A
  • Part of the central nervous system in the spinal column
  • Communicates with all sensory organs and muscles, except those in the head
18
Q

Where are the cell bodies of motor neurons?

A

Inside the spinal cord

19
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Network of nerves that prepare organs for vigorous activity
  • Sympathetic axons prepare organs for flight-or-fight
20
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  • “rest and digest” system
  • AKA craniosacral system
  • Faciliatates non-emergency responses
  • Opposite of sympathetic activities
21
Q

What are examples of the sympathetic nervous system versus the parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Sympathetic NS incresases heart rate, while parasympathetic NS decresases heart rate
  • Parasympathetic NS increases digestive activity, while sympathetic NS decreases digestive activity
22
Q

Why is the parasympathetic nervous system also referred to as the craniosacral system?

A

It contains cranial nerves and nerves from the spinal cord

23
Q

Are OTC cold medicines pro-sympathetic or anti-sympathetic?

A
  • Pro-sympathetic, anti-parasympathetic
  • Block parasympathetic activity and/or increase sympathetic activity
24
Q

What are the major divisions of the vertebrate brain?

A
  • Hindbrain
  • Midbrain
  • Forebrain
25
Q

What is the medulla?

A
  • In hindbrain
  • Enlarged extension of spinal cord
26
Q

What do cranial nerves in the medulla control?

A

Vital reflexes
* Breathing, heart rate, vomitting, salivation, coughing, sneezing, etc.

27
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A
  • Large hindbrain structure
  • Involved in balance and coordination, learning, language, sociability, attention, memories, etc.
28
Q

What is substantia nigra?

A
  • Midbrain structure
  • Related to dopamine-contained pathway that facilitates readiness for movement
29
Q

What is the thalamus?

A
  • A pair of structures in the center of the forebrain
  • Takes in sensory input, processes it, and sends otuput to cerebral cortex
30
Q

What is the exception to the sensory input that the thalamus processes and sends to the cerebral cortex?

A

Olfactory information

31
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A
  • Forebrain structure
  • Related to motivated behaviors
  • Sends messages to the pituitary gland and alters release of hormones
  • Gateway from nervous system to endocrine system
32
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A
  • Group of subcortical structures in forebrain
  • Associated with voluntary movement
  • Integrate motivational and emotional behavior to increase the vigor for selected actions
33
Q

What can damage to the basal ganglia result in?

A

Huntington’s Disease or Parkinson’s Disease

34
Q

What is the hippocampus?

A
  • Large forebrain structure
  • Associated with memory
35
Q

What are pons?

A
  • Hindbrain
  • Control facial sensation, eye rotations away from body’s center, breathing, balance, etc.
  • Sends sound input from ears to brain
36
Q

What is the Limbic System?

A
  • Subcortical system that contains a collection of structures involved with instinct and mood
  • Associated with basic emotions and drives

Biological Psychology (7 decks)

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