Chapter 30

Question 1

Absorptive heterotroph

Answer 1

An organism (usually a fungus) that obtains its food by secreting digestive enzymes into the environment to break down large food molecules , then absorbing the breakdown products

Question 2

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 2

A group of fungithat associate with plant roots in a close symbiotic relationship

Question 3

Ascus

Answer 3

In sac fungi, the club-shaped sporangium within which spores (ascospores) are produced by meiosis

Question 4

Basidium

Answer 4

In club fungi, the characteristic sporangium in which four spores are formed by meiosis and then borne externally before being shed

Question 5

Chytrids

Answer 5

A convenience term used for a paraphyletic group of mostly aquatic, microscopic fungi with flagellated gametes. Some exhibit alternation of generations.

Question 6

Club fungi

Answer 6

Fungi that, if multicellular, bear the products of meiosis on club-shaped basidia and possess a long-lasting dikaryotic stage. Some are unicellular.

Question 7

Coenocytic

Answer 7

Referring to the condition, found in some fungal hyphae, of “cells” containing many nuclei but enclosed by a single plasma membrane. Results from nuclear division without cytokinesis.

Question 8

Dikaryon

Answer 8

A cell or organism carrying two genetically distinguishable nuclei. Common in fungi.

Question 9

Fungi

Answer 9

Eukaryotic heterotrophs with absorptive nutrition based on extracellular digestion; cell walls contain chitin.

Question 10

Haustorium

Answer 10

A specialized hypha or other structure by which fungi and some parasitic plants draw nutrients from a host plant.

Question 11

hypha

Answer 11

In the fungi and oomycetes, any single filament.

Question 12

karyogamy

Answer 12

The fusion of nuclei of two cells

Question 13

lichen

Answer 13

An organism resulting from the symbiotic association of a fungus and either a cyanobacterium or a unicellular alga.

Question 14

mating type

Answer 14

A particular strain of a species that is incapable of sexual reproduction with another member of the same strain but capable of sexual reproduction with members of other strains of the same species.

Question 15

microsporidia

Answer 15

A group of parasitic unicellular fungi that lack mitochondria and have walls that contain chitin

Question 16

mutualism

Answer 16

A type of interaction between species that benefits both species.

Question 17

mycelium

Answer 17

In the fungi, a mass of hyphae

Question 18

mycorrhiza

Answer 18

An association of the root of a plant with the mycelium of a fungus.

Question 19

parasite

Answer 19

An organism that consumes parts of an organism much larger than itself (known as its host). Parasites sometimes, but not always, kill their host

Question 20

plasmogamy

Answer 20

The fusion of the cytoplasm of two cells.

Question 21

sac fungi

Answer 21

Fungi that bear the products of meiosis within sacs (asci) if the organism is multicellular. Some are unicellular.

Question 22

saprobe

Answer 22

An organism (usually a bacterium or fungus) that obtains its carbon and energy by absorbing nutrients from dead organic matter.

Question 23

septum

Answer 23

A partition or cross-wall appearing in the hyphae of some fungi. (2) The bony structure dividing the nasal passages.

Question 24

sporangiophore

Answer 24

A stalked reproductive structure produced by zygospore fungi that extends from a hypha and bears one or many sporangia.

Question 25

symbiosis

Answer 25

The living together of two or more species in a prolonged and intimate relationship.

Question 26

yeasts

Answer 26

A convenience term for several distantly related groups of unicellular fungi

Question 27

zygospore fungi

Answer 27

A convenience term for a probably paraphyletic group of fungi in which hyphae of differing mating types conjugate to form a zygosporangium.