Cell parts + functions Flashcards
Cytoplasmic inclusions
Cells use these compartments composed of phospholipids for storage of various molecules in their cytoplasm that can be accessed when they are needed by cells
Exocytosis
Process by which cells expel bulk quantities of materials such as wastes from the cell; fusion with the plasma membrane leads to release of contents outside of cell
Vesicles
Transports materials such as proteins and other substances within cells
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance in the cell that contains all organelles and provides a medium for most cellular processes
Nucleus
Organelle that houses a molecule that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplast
Closely stacked, flattened sacs containing chlorophyll (a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color); similar to mitochondria
Lysosome
Compartment within cells that contain enzymes that digest excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria
Ribosomes
Attaches to portions of the endoplasmic reticulum when bound to RNA molecules to mediate protein synthesis
Nucleoplasm
Compartment of viscous liquid that surrounds the chromosomes and nucleoli; also contains nucleotides and many proteins
Golgi Apparatus
Modifies/packages proteins for transport out of the cell; synthesizes macromolecules
Extracellular Matrix
Materials secreted externally to the cell that supports cells and tissues and participated in cell signalling
Smooth ER
Produces lipids and serves for detoxification
Nuclear Envelope Membrane
Composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers, contain transport proteins, and serves an important function to house and protect DNA
Cytoskeleton
Provides support for the cell via three types of protein fibers
Chromatin
Collection of DNA and protein in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Microtubules
Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell and serve as tracks for motor proteins to transport materials through the cell
Cilia
Small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things in many unicellular microorganisms
Cell Membrane
Surrounds the cell separating it from the extracellular environment and surrounds most organelles
Flagella
Long whip-like structures composed of proteins/motor proteins used for movement of cells
Nuclear Lamina
Composed of protein filaments that aid in providing support to the nuclear structure
Mitochondria
Produces a usable form of energy for the cell and modulates cell death mechanisms
Plasma Membrane
A complex selectively permeable organelle that surrounds the cell aiding in structural support, cell communication, and transport of vital molecules into the cell
Endocytosis
Process by which cells take in large quantities of materials from the extracellular surrounding; vesicle is formed on the interior and pinches off cell membrane
Nucleolus
A non-membrane bound structure; responsible for production of ribosomes which are required for protein synthesis
Gap Junctions
Forms channels across plasma membranes between cells to exchange materials and for cell communication
