Chapter 30-32 HR Flashcards
What is Taylor’s theory of management focused on?
Workers are trained to use the most effective method to maximise output
Workers are trained to use the most efficient method to maximize output. Output is monitored and workers are paid per item produced.
What does Mayo’s Human Relations theory emphasize?
Morale and productivity are affected by recognition, teamwork, communication and feeling valued, not by the conditions in which people work.
Morale and productivity are affected by recognition, teamwork, communication and feeling valued, not by the conditions in which people work.
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
A theory arranging human needs in five layers, where lower needs must be met before higher levels can motivate
Self actualisation, self esteem, love and belonging, security and safety, basic physiology
What is self-actualization in Maslow’s theory?
The highest level of psychological development where personal potential is fully realized
Occurs after basic bodily and ego needs have been fulfilled.
What does Herzberg’s two-factor theory identify?
Factors that increase motivation and separate factors that cause dissatisfaction
Motivation factors include recognition, responsibility, achieving goals, and opportunity for promotion.
What are hygiene factors according to Herzberg?
Conditions that cause dissatisfaction in the workplace
Includes poor working conditions, lack of status, unsatisfactory wages, lack of job security, and poor workplace relationships.
What do Vroom, Porter, and Lawler’s Expectancy theories assume?
People act in their own best interest if they believe there is a worthwhile reward for their task
Assumes that working harder will result in getting the reward and that reaching the performance level is likely.
Define the Expectancy theory.
The belief that there is a worthwhile reward for the task
Workers believe that there is a worthwhile reward for the task.
Define instrumentality in Expectancy theory.
The belief that working harder will result in being rewarded
Workers believe that working harder will result in them being rewarded.
Define expectancy in Expectancy theory.
The belief that there is a high likelihood of reaching the required performance level to get the reward
Workers believe there is a high likelihood of them reaching the level of performance required.
What are intrinsic rewards?
Positive feelings received from completing work well
Examples include pride and satisfaction.
What are extrinsic rewards?
Rewards that come from outside the individual
Examples include material rewards such as pay increases and bonuses.
What is the definition of wages?
Payment made by an employer to an employee for work done in a specific period of time, usually earned per hour and paid per week.
Wages are typically calculated based on hours worked.
What is a salary?
Yearly payment made by an employer to an employee for work done, paid monthly in arrears.
Salaries are not typically based on hours worked.
What is profit-related pay?
Links part of an employee’s pay to the profits of a company.
This incentivizes employees to contribute to the company’s profitability.
What are bonus schemes?
Additional pay, on top of a salary, once a performance target has been reached.
Bonuses can be tied to individual, team, or company performance.
What are fringe benefits?
Forms of financial motivation other than pay, including:
* Company cars
* Pension schemes
* Sickness benefits
* Subsidised meals
* Staff discounts
Fringe benefits can enhance employee satisfaction and retention.
What is job enrichment?
Giving workers more control over the tasks they complete, allowing them to complete tasks that have meaning and are complete in themselves.
Job enrichment aims to enhance employee motivation and satisfaction.
What is job enlargement?
Increasing the number of tasks or responsibilities of a worker.
Job enlargement can reduce monotony and increase job satisfaction.
What is job design?
The creation of job roles that suit the worker, which are of interest and challenging, and allow them some decision-making.
Effective job design can improve productivity and employee morale.
What does empowerment mean in a workplace context?
Allowing workers the power to control their own jobs, make decisions and implement their ideas.
Empowerment can lead to increased job satisfaction and productivity.
What is consultation in the workplace?
When an employer talks to and listens to employees’ opinions and takes their views into account when making decisions.
Consultation fosters a collaborative work environment.
What are quality circles?
Groups of workers that meet on a regular basis to discuss problems and offer solutions.
Quality circles encourage teamwork and continuous improvement.
What does single status in the workplace refer to?
When all artificial barriers separating workers have been removed.
This includes equal access to facilities and resources.
