Chapter 3 Vocabulary

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of the distribution of sounds and the interactions between those different sounds.

Question 2

Phonotactic Constraints

Answer 2

The restrictions on possible combinations of sounds.

Question 3

Sounds substitution

Answer 3

A process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in the language when borrowing or when a speaker is trying to pronounce a foreign word.

Question 4

Allophone

Answer 4

One of a set of nonconstructive realizations of the same phoneme; an actual phonetic segment

Question 5

Phoneme

Answer 5

A classic speech sound identified by a native speaker as the same sound ; a mental entity related to various allophones by phonological rules.

Question 6

Nonconstructive

Answer 6

A term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language.

Question 7

Constructive distribuation

Answer 7

When two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment.

Question 8

Minimal pair

Answer 8

A pair of words whose pronunciations by exactly one sound and that have different meanings.

Question 9

Alternation

Answer 9

A difference between two or more phonetic forms that you might otherwise expect to be related.

Question 10

Complementary distribution

Answer 10

Sounds in complementary distribution are considered to be allophones of the sane phoneme.

Question 11

Free Variation

Answer 11

Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words.

Question 12

Overlapping distribution

Answer 12

The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments.

Question 13

Phonological rules

Answer 13

The description of a relationship between a phoneme and its allophones and the conditioning environment in which the allophone appears.

Question 14

Conditioning environment

Answer 14

Neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change.

Question 15

Labial

Answer 15

A member of a natural class of sounds produced with the lips; includes both bilabial and labiodental sounds.

Question 16

Obstruents

Answer 16

A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off.

Question 17

Sonorants

Answer 17

Sound produced with a relatively open passage of air flow. Nasals, liquids and glides, and vowels are all sonorants.

Question 18

Assimilation

Answer 18

A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features.

Question 19

Palatalization

Answer 19

A process where in a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimilation to high or mid front vowels like or.

Question 20

Insertion

Answer 20

Phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic form is added in the phonetic form.

Question 21

Vowel harmony

Answer 21

Long-distance assimilation between vowels.

Question 22

Dissimilation

Answer 22

A process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to same feature.

Question 23

Deletion

Answer 23

In phonology, a process by which a sound present in the phonemic form ( underlying form) is removed from the phonetic form in certain environments.

Question 24

Metathesis

Answer 24

Switching of the order of the sounds, each taking the place of the other.

Question 25

Aspiration

Answer 25

A puff of air that follows the release of a consonant when there is a delay in the onset of voicing. Symbolizing by a superscript.