Chapter 3 Vocab Flashcards
Self-Fulfillment
Commitment to fully developing one’s personality, talents, and potential (Values leisure, physical fitness, and youthfulness)
Narcissism
A personality disorder with an extreme self-centeredness and an emphasis on self-fulfillment
Internalization
The process where norms become part of an individual’s personality, thus conditioning them to conform to society’s expectations
Sanctions
Rewards and punishments used to enforce conformity to norms
Positive Sanction
An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior
Negative Sanction
A punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity
Formal Sanction
A reward or punishment is given by a formal organization or agency (school, business, or government)
Informal Sanction
A spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or group
Social Control
The enforcing of norms through either internal or external means
Ideology
A system of beliefs or ideas that justifies the social, moral, religious, political, or economic interests held by a group or a society
Social Movement
A long-term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change
Technology
The knowledge and tools people use to manipulate their environment
Diffusion
The process of spreading cultural traits from one society to another
Reformulation
The process of adapting borrowed cultural traits
Cultural Lag
Some traits change rapidly, and the transformation of others may take considerable time
Robin M. Williams
This sociologist created a list of 15 values that are central to the American way of life.
James M. Henslin
The sociologist who suggested that additional values should be added to the list created by Williams (ie. education, religious values, and romantic love)
Christopher Lasch
Wrote “The Culture of Narcissism” and considered this a personality disorder
Daniel Bell
This sociologist saw the dangers in focusing on one’s self and felt that it weakened the established values of hard work and moderation, and threatened capitalism as a whole
Daniel Yankelovich
This sociologies admitted that Americans believed less in hard work, but saw the shift of self-fulfillment as beneficial and marked movement away from satisfaction from material gain
