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Human Anatomy Exam 1 > Chapter 3: Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is Histology

A

The study of Tissues

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2
Q

What are four major types of Tissues

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

A

Tightly Packed cells
Avascular ( Lack of Blood Cells)

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4
Q

What are the two main forms of Epithelial Tissue

A
  1. Surface epithelium
  2. Glandular epithelium
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5
Q

Surface Epithelium has what type cell shape

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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6
Q

What type of layers can Surface Epithelium have

A

Simple
Stratified

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7
Q

Cell Junctions are what hold cells together to form tissues. What are the 4 types of Cell Junctions

A

Tight Junctions
Adhering Junctions
Gap Junctions
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes

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8
Q

What are Tight junctions

A

Strands of Transmembrane proteins fuse adjacent cells together. Nothing can get through.

Good for a “water tight” seal
Ex: Stomach. Bladder

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9
Q

What are Adhering junctions

A

Adhesion belt like Velcro made of plaque surrounds the cell

“Good for keeping Epithelial surface from slipping/ sliding out of position”

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10
Q

What are Gap junction

A

They allow cells to communicate to each other, share nutrients & transfer chemical/ electric signals

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11
Q

What are Desmosomes

A

Incorporates plaque, cadherins, and the cytoskeleton

Keeps cells from being pulled apart

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12
Q

What are Hemidesmosome

A

Similar to desmosome they are half

They anchor cells to the basement membrane

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13
Q

Squamous Epithelium looks like

A

Flat fried eggs shaped

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14
Q

Cuboidal Epithelium looks like

A

Cube shaped

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15
Q

Columnar Epithelium looks like

A

Very tall cells that look like columns

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16
Q

If we have a single layer of cells that is named

A

Simple

17
Q

If we have several layers of cells that are top of each other that is named

A

Stratified

18
Q

What is Transitional Epithelium

A

Going from RELAXED to STRETCHED

19
Q

What is Pseudostratified

A

It is giving off the appearance that it is several layers but it is actually a single layer

20
Q

What is Cilia

A

Cilia gives directionality to what is passing by

21
Q

What is Microvilli

A

Increases the surface area of the cell

22
Q

What is Surface Epithelium

A

Long sheets of cells that lines and covers surfaces

Those surfaces can be external (Epidermis) or internal

23
Q

What gives the cells the toughness they need to survive wear and tare

A

Keratin

24
Q

What is Glandular Epithelium

A

Type of Epithelium is specialized to produce and secrete (release) substances

25
Q

What type of Glandular Epithelium ( Endocrine Gland)

A

Do not have ducts
Secretes hormones

26
Q

What type of Glandular Epithelium ( Exocrine Gland)

A

Have ducts
Secretes everything else but NOT hormones

27
Q

When an exocrine gland has a single duct it is called

A

Simple

28
Q

When an exocrine gland has multiple ducts it is called

A

Compound

29
Q

I the secreting portion of the gland looks like a tube it is called

A

Tubular

30
Q

What is the shape of a exocrine gland called when its very rounded like a grape

A

Acinar

31
Q

When a secreting portion of a gland looks coiled it is called

A

Coiled

32
Q

Functional classification of Exocrine Glands

A

Tells us how the gland released the product

Merocrine= Also called Eccrine glands, releases the secretion via exocytosis

Apocrine= Release secretion by pinching off the apical portion of the cell

Holocrine= Store their secretion until they rupture and release their contents

33
Q

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

A

Protection
Secretion
Excretion
Absorption
Sensory

34
Q

General function of Connective Tissue

A

Support and connect the other tissues

Characteristics:

Cells + Extracellular matrix
Highly Vascularized (lots of blood vessels)

35
Q

What is Dense (Fibrous) Connective Tissue

A
  1. Cells: **Fibroblast ** fibroblast is a type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue

Dense REGULAR Connective Tissue
- Protein fibers are arranged in parallel bundles
- Located in the Tendons and Ligaments

Dense IRREGULAR Connective Tissue
- Protein fibers running in different directions
- Located in Fibrous pericardium, dura mater, sclera, perichondrium and periosteum

36
Q

What is Adipose tissue

A
  1. Cells ** Adipocytes**

Functions:

  • Energy reserve
  • Insulate against heat lost
  • Support and protects organs
37
Q

What is Cartilage Tissue

A

Cartilage Tissue is AVASCULAR

  1. Cells Chondrocytes

Sub-types

Hyaline= Tough but also flexible; most abundant cartilage in our body. Located: front of nose, trachea.

Elastic= The most elastic out of the 3 types of cartilage. Locations outer ear, epiglottis.

Fibrous= Toughest one out the 3 types of cartilage. Locations pubic symphysis.

Human Anatomy Exam 1 (5 decks)

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