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Human Anatomy Exam 1 > Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy

A

The study of body structure

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2
Q

What is Physiology

A

The study of how the body functions

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3
Q

What is the level of Organization

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
v
Atoms
v
Molecules
v
Cells
v
Tissues
v
Organs
v
Body System
v
Human Body

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4
Q

What is Cytology

A

The study of Cells

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5
Q

What is Histology

A

The study of tissues in animals and plants

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6
Q

What is the branch of anatomy that looks at the specific regions of the body such as the head or chest

A

Regional Anatomy

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7
Q

What is the branch of anatomy that uses the internal structure and relationships of the body through the use of sections

A

Sectional Anatomy

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8
Q

What is the branch of anatomy where structures can be examined without the use of a microscope

A

Gross Anatomy

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9
Q

What is the branch of anatomy that uses surface markings of the body to understand the relationship of deep or internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch)

A

Surface Anatomy

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10
Q

What is the branch of anatomy that have specific systems of the body such as nervous or respiratory system

A

Systemic Anatomy

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11
Q

In order for a organism survival it has to have these six life processes

A

Metabolism
Growth
Responsiveness
Movement
Differentiation
Reproduction

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12
Q

What is the Metabolism in Life Processes

A

All chemical processes occurring in the body, that includes the breakdown of complex molecules into very small simple molecules and also the building up of complex molecules from very small molecules

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13
Q

What is the Growth in Life Processes

A

Increase in body size; there are three different types of growth

  1. Growth can be due to the increase in size of an existing cell
  2. Growth can be due to the increase of the number of cells
    3.Growth can be due to the increase in the amount of substance that is surrounding the cell
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14
Q

What is Responsiveness in Life Processes

A

Having the ability to detect and respond to change in the environment

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15
Q

What is Movement in Life Processes

A

Any type of movement; Can be the movement of the entire human body

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16
Q

What is Differentiation in Life Processes

A

Make something different then what is was before; Going from unspecialized cells to specialized cells

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17
Q

What is Reproduction in Life Process

A

Generation of a new individual but also at the cellular level when cell division takes place

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18
Q

Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques

A

Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion

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19
Q

What is inspection (NDT)

A

To observe the body with any changes that are not within the normal

Example: Checking the oral cavity for any disease

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20
Q

What is Palpation (NDT)

A

When a part of the body is examined by touching or pressing against it

Example: Pressing the belly to see if there are any cyst

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21
Q

What is Auscultation (NDT)

A

Listening the internal body sounds this is done using a stethoscope

Example: Using stethoscope to hear the heart or lungs

22
Q

What is Percussion (NDT)

A

Tapping on the body surface first then listening to the sound

Example: Tapping the knee and hearing what it sounds like

23
Q

Supine Position

A

Lying down, face up

  • Like you are laying down for bed*
24
Q

Prone position

A

Lying down, face down

25
Q

What are planes

A

Flat surface passing through the body or organ

26
Q

What are sections

A

Slice or cut through structure

27
Q

What is Sagittal

A

Divides the body into right and left sides

28
Q

What is Midsagittal (Median/Middle)

A

Divides the body into equal right and left sides

29
Q

What is Parasagittal (Paramedian)

A

Divides the body into unequal right and left sides

30
Q

What is Coronal (Frontal)

A

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

31
Q

What is Transverse (horizontal)

A

Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

32
Q

What is Oblique

A

Passes through the body at an angle

33
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Deep (Internal)

A

Deep within the body

Ex: Large intestine is deep to the skin

34
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Superficial (External)

A

Toward the surface of the body

Ex: The skin is superficial to the muscles

35
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Superior (Cranial or Cephalic)

A

Toward the head

Ex: The eye is superior to the mouth
The lungs are more cranial than the
stomach

36
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Inferior (Caudal)

A

Toward the feet

Ex: The knee is inferior to the urinary bladder

37
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Ventral ( anterior)

A

Toward the front of the body

38
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Dorsal (Posterior)

A

Toward the back of the body

39
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Medial

A

Near the midline of the body

40
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Lateral

A

Away from the midline

41
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Proximal

A

Nearer to the torso

42
Q

Regrading anatomical direction what is Distal

A

Farther from the torso

43
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A
  • Cranial cavity
    formed by the skull bones
  • Vertebral (Spinal) cavity
    formed by the vertebral column bones
44
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A
  • Thoracic cavity
    chest cavity
  • Abdominopelvic canal
45
Q

What is Parietal

A

The wall of a cavity

Ex: The parietal pericardium

46
Q

What is Visceral

A

Covering an internal organ

Ex: The visceral pericardium

47
Q

What are Ventral Cavities lined by

A

They are lined by a SEROUS MEMBRANE which is subdivided into:

  • Parietal layer: lines the internal surface of the body wall
  • Visceral layer: lines the external surface of the internal organ
48
Q

What fluid is produced to protect against friction for the Parietal and Visceral layers

A

Serous Fluid

49
Q

What is Pleura

A

Serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
  • The space between the layers is called PLEURAL CAVITY
50
Q

What is Pericardium

A

Serous membrane that surrounds the heart

  • Parietal pericardium
  • Visceral pericardium
  • The space between the layers is called PERDICARDIAL CAVITY
51
Q

What is Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

  • Parietal peritoneum
  • Visceral peritoneum
  • The space between the layers is called PERITONEAL CAVITY

Human Anatomy Exam 1 (5 decks)

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