Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy Flashcards
What is Anatomy
The study of body structure
What is Physiology
The study of how the body functions
What is the level of Organization
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
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Atoms
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Molecules
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Cells
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Tissues
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Organs
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Body System
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Human Body
What is Cytology
The study of Cells
What is Histology
The study of tissues in animals and plants
What is the branch of anatomy that looks at the specific regions of the body such as the head or chest
Regional Anatomy
What is the branch of anatomy that uses the internal structure and relationships of the body through the use of sections
Sectional Anatomy
What is the branch of anatomy where structures can be examined without the use of a microscope
Gross Anatomy
What is the branch of anatomy that uses surface markings of the body to understand the relationship of deep or internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch)
Surface Anatomy
What is the branch of anatomy that have specific systems of the body such as nervous or respiratory system
Systemic Anatomy
In order for a organism survival it has to have these six life processes
Metabolism
Growth
Responsiveness
Movement
Differentiation
Reproduction
What is the Metabolism in Life Processes
All chemical processes occurring in the body, that includes the breakdown of complex molecules into very small simple molecules and also the building up of complex molecules from very small molecules
What is the Growth in Life Processes
Increase in body size; there are three different types of growth
- Growth can be due to the increase in size of an existing cell
- Growth can be due to the increase of the number of cells
3.Growth can be due to the increase in the amount of substance that is surrounding the cell
What is Responsiveness in Life Processes
Having the ability to detect and respond to change in the environment
What is Movement in Life Processes
Any type of movement; Can be the movement of the entire human body
What is Differentiation in Life Processes
Make something different then what is was before; Going from unspecialized cells to specialized cells
What is Reproduction in Life Process
Generation of a new individual but also at the cellular level when cell division takes place
Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques
Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion
What is inspection (NDT)
To observe the body with any changes that are not within the normal
Example: Checking the oral cavity for any disease
What is Palpation (NDT)
When a part of the body is examined by touching or pressing against it
Example: Pressing the belly to see if there are any cyst
What is Auscultation (NDT)
Listening the internal body sounds this is done using a stethoscope
Example: Using stethoscope to hear the heart or lungs
What is Percussion (NDT)
Tapping on the body surface first then listening to the sound
Example: Tapping the knee and hearing what it sounds like
Supine Position
Lying down, face up
- Like you are laying down for bed*
Prone position
Lying down, face down
What are planes
Flat surface passing through the body or organ
What are sections
Slice or cut through structure
What is Sagittal
Divides the body into right and left sides
What is Midsagittal (Median/Middle)
Divides the body into equal right and left sides
What is Parasagittal (Paramedian)
Divides the body into unequal right and left sides
What is Coronal (Frontal)
Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
What is Transverse (horizontal)
Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
What is Oblique
Passes through the body at an angle
Regrading anatomical direction what is Deep (Internal)
Deep within the body
Ex: Large intestine is deep to the skin
Regrading anatomical direction what is Superficial (External)
Toward the surface of the body
Ex: The skin is superficial to the muscles
Regrading anatomical direction what is Superior (Cranial or Cephalic)
Toward the head
Ex: The eye is superior to the mouth
The lungs are more cranial than the
stomach
Regrading anatomical direction what is Inferior (Caudal)
Toward the feet
Ex: The knee is inferior to the urinary bladder
Regrading anatomical direction what is Ventral ( anterior)
Toward the front of the body
Regrading anatomical direction what is Dorsal (Posterior)
Toward the back of the body
Regrading anatomical direction what is Medial
Near the midline of the body
Regrading anatomical direction what is Lateral
Away from the midline
Regrading anatomical direction what is Proximal
Nearer to the torso
Regrading anatomical direction what is Distal
Farther from the torso
Dorsal Body Cavity
- Cranial cavity
formed by the skull bones - Vertebral (Spinal) cavity
formed by the vertebral column bones
Ventral Body Cavity
- Thoracic cavity
chest cavity - Abdominopelvic canal
What is Parietal
The wall of a cavity
Ex: The parietal pericardium
What is Visceral
Covering an internal organ
Ex: The visceral pericardium
What are Ventral Cavities lined by
They are lined by a SEROUS MEMBRANE which is subdivided into:
- Parietal layer: lines the internal surface of the body wall
- Visceral layer: lines the external surface of the internal organ
What fluid is produced to protect against friction for the Parietal and Visceral layers
Serous Fluid
What is Pleura
Serous membrane that surrounds the lungs
- Parietal pleura
- Visceral pleura
- The space between the layers is called PLEURAL CAVITY
What is Pericardium
Serous membrane that surrounds the heart
- Parietal pericardium
- Visceral pericardium
- The space between the layers is called PERDICARDIAL CAVITY
What is Peritoneum
Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
- Parietal peritoneum
- Visceral peritoneum
- The space between the layers is called PERITONEAL CAVITY
