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GEOL112 > Chapter 3 - Time and Geology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Time and Geology Flashcards

1
Q

actual geologic dating

A

approximate actual age of rocks using radioactive dating

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2
Q

alpha particle

A

positively charged ions of the element helium that have an atomic weight of 4 and an atomic number of 2

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3
Q

Archean Eon

A

4000-2500 Ma

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4
Q

atom

A

smallest particle of matter that can exist as a chemical element

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5
Q

atomic mass

A

approximately equals the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons

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6
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in a nucleus of a substance

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7
Q

bentonite

A

weathered volcanic ash

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8
Q

beta particle

A

an electron that is releases when a neutron splits into a proton and an electron

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9
Q

Cambrian System

A

542-488 Ma

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10
Q

Cenozoic Era

A

“recent life” of the Phanerozoic Eon

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11
Q

Cretaceous System

A

145-65 Ma

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12
Q

daughter element

A

formed from the radioactive parent element

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13
Q

electron

A

neutral charges

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14
Q

element

A

oxygen, silicon, sodium, and so on

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15
Q

eon

A

largest increments of time: Hadean, Archean (4Ga), Proterozoic (2500 Ma), and Phanerozoic (542 Ma)

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16
Q

epoch

A

periods are divided into epochs

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17
Q

era

A

eons are divided into eras; eras into periods; periods into epochs; epochs into ages

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18
Q

fission tracks

A

tunnels in a sample produced when high-energy particles from uranium nuclei were fired off during spontaneous fission

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19
Q

gamma radiation

A

invisible electromagnetic waves that have extremely high frequencies

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20
Q

geochronolgy

A

science of determining the age of rocks

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21
Q

Hadean Eon

A

greater then 4 Ga

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22
Q

half-life

A

time required for half of the original quantity of atoms in a sample to decay

23
Q

isotope

A

two or more varieties of the same element that have identical atomic numbers and chemical properties, but differ in mass numbers because they have a varying number of neutrons in the nucleus

24
Q

Jurassic System

A

200-145 Ma

25
Q

Mesozoic Era

A

“middle life” of the Phanerozoic Eon

26
Q

neutron

A

electrically neutral

27
Q

Paleozoic Era

A

“ancient life” of the Phanerozoic Eon

28
Q

parent element

A

the radioactive element that gives birth to daughter elements

29
Q

period

A

eras are divided into periods

30
Q

Phanerozoic Eon

A

542 Ma to present

31
Q

Proterozoic Eon

A

2500-542 Ma

32
Q

proton

A

carries a positive electrical charge

33
Q

Quaternary System

A

1.8 Ma to present

34
Q

radioactivity

A

the release of particles of energy

35
Q

relative geologic dating

A

places geologic events, and the rocks representing those events in sequence

36
Q

series

A

time-rock unit equal to an epoch

37
Q

Silurian System

A

447-416 Ma

38
Q

stage

A

time-rock unit equal to an age

39
Q

system

A

time-rock unit equal to a period

40
Q

time-rock unit ( = chronostratigraphic unit)

A

bodies of rock formed during each time unit

41
Q

time unit (= geochronologic unit)

A

eras, periods, epochs and ages

42
Q

Triassic System

A

251-200 Ma

43
Q

uranium-238

A

parent of lead-206; half-life of 4.47 billion years

44
Q

lead-206

A

daughter of uranium-238;

45
Q

uranium-235

A

parent of lead-207; half-life of 704 million years

46
Q

lead-207

A

daughter of uranium-235;

47
Q

thorium-232

A

parent of lead-208;

48
Q

lead-208

A

daughter of thorium-232;

49
Q

potassium-40

A

parent of argon-40; half-life of 1.251 billion years

50
Q

argon-40

A

daughter of potassium-40;

51
Q

rubidium-87

A

parent of strontium-87; half-life of 48.8 billion years

52
Q

strontium-87

A

daughter of rubidium-87;

53
Q

carbon-14

A

parent of nitrogen-14; half-life of 5730 year

54
Q

nitrogen-14

A

daughter of carbon-14;

GEOL112 (5 decks)

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