Chapter 3- The Living Cell

Question 1

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 1

total energy of a system is constant despite internal changes

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 3

Molecule

Answer 3

a group of atoms bonded together

Question 4

Element

Answer 4

a group of atoms bonded together

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

a molecule consisting of multiple types of atoms

Question 6

Monomer

Answer 6

building block of more complex components; individual subunit

Question 7

Polymer

Answer 7

large molecule consisting of many smaller molecules

Question 8

Evolution

Answer 8

gradual development of something

Question 9

Cell Theory

Answer 9

cells form the fundamental structure and functional unit of life

Question 10

Taxonomy

Answer 10

branch of science concerned with classification and systematics

Question 11

Binomial System

Answer 11

formal naming system that all scientists use

Question 12

Species

Answer 12

the principal natural taxonomic unit

Question 13

Dichotomous key

Answer 13

method used for categorizing species using logical choices

Question 14

Couplet

Answer 14

choice consisting of only 2 options

Question 15

Nucleoid

Answer 15

having no nucleus

Question 16

Axial Filaments

Answer 16

central filament that provides motion

Question 17

Fimbriae

Answer 17

attached filaments

Question 18

Pilus

Answer 18

(pili plural) hollow filament for genetic exchange

Question 19

Inclusion bodies

Answer 19

nutrient stores within the cytoplasm

Question 20

Endospores

Answer 20

highly resistant and dormant structures containing the genetic material of an organism

Question 21

Binary fission

Answer 21

asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms by division into tow identical daughter cells

Question 22

Introns

Answer 22

non coding segments of DNA (as oppose to exons, which do express genes).

Question 23

Flagella

Answer 23

long, thing, appendage that provides motion through whip-like motions

Question 24

Cilia

Answer 24

short, hair-like extensions that undulate in a wave-like fashion to move particles over their surface

Question 25

Nucelus

Answer 25

membrane encased structure central to the cell containing the genetic information

Question 26

Endosymbiosis

Answer 26

theory

Question 27

Hyphae

Answer 27

individual filament of mycelium

Question 28

Mycelium

Answer 28

networks of filaments involved in nutrient acquisition (fungal equivalent of a “root system”

Question 29

Dimorphi

Answer 29

having 2 forms

Question 30

Host

Answer 30

an organism that harbors another, providing nourishment or shelter

Question 31

Intermediate host

Answer 31

temporary host for parasite development or transmission

Question 32

Definitive host

Answer 32

the organisms in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity

Question 33

Monoecious

Answer 33

hermaphrodite

Question 34

Dioecious

Answer 34

separate male and female forms

Question 35

Monophyletic

Answer 35

describes a group of organisms that are descended from a single ancestral form

Question 36

Paraphyletic

Answer 36

group composed of some, but not all members from a single ancestral form

Question 37

Polyphyletic

Answer 37

describes unrelated groups from several ancestral lines

Question 38

Pseudopods

Answer 38

(false foot) temporary extensions that extend and contract providing movement