Chapter 3: The Interwar Years

Question 1

League of Nations

Answer 1

OBJECTIVE: preserve the peace of the world through international cooperation, arbitration, and collective security

Question 2

Arbitration

Answer 2

members of the LoN promised not to go to war unless they first submitted their disputes to a 3rd party for a ruling

Question 3

Collective Security

Answer 3

members of the LoN had to help any member that was the victim of aggression.

hoped that war would be prevented through sanctions

Question 4

Group of 7

Answer 4

7 painters who rejected realism and used bold strokes, heavy paint, and contrast in their paintings. they only painted the canadian landscape - particularly the north

Question 5

Emily Carr

Answer 5

an artist & author who sketched and painted scenes of forests around Victoria, and studied the local aboriginal culture. She won the Governor General’s award for her novel Klee Wyck

Question 6

Inventions

Answer 6

airplane: used for travel and for carrying cargo other than weapons
radio: used for information and entertainment purposes. Foster Hewitt was a famous hockey radio broadcaster
car: mobilized canadians better. major factor in the development of suburbs

Question 7

1919 Immigration Act

Answer 7

closed Canada to people coming from enemy countries

Question 8

Pier 21

Answer 8

Canada was losing people faster than they were coming in due to the immigration act so King lowered barriers to European immigration who came by boat. Entered Canada through the port of Halifax, called Pier 21

Question 9

Chanak Crisis 1922

Answer 9

British sent troops to Turkey because they were scared Turkey would occupy the British controlled port of Chanak which would give Turkey control of a waterway that had easy access to Europe through the Balkans.

SIGNIFICANCE: Canada did not automatically send troops in support. first time Canada refused unconditional support for British imperial war policies

Question 10

Halibut Treaty 1923

Answer 10

Canada and the US signed a treaty to protect the halibut on the coast of BC and Alaska.

SIGNIFICANCE: step toward Canadian autonomy in foreign affairs since it was only signed by a Canadian & an American (before, a British official always signed treaties)

Question 11

Imperial Conference 1926

Answer 11

made it known that Canada was in no way subordinate to Great Britain

Question 12

Balfour Report

Answer 12

acknowledged that dominions were autonomous communities within the British empire, and that the Governor General was on a representative of the monarchy

Question 13

Statue of Westminster 1931

Answer 13

recognized in law the report that had made Canada an autonomous dominion that could make its own laws.

on december 11th, 1931, Canada became a sovereign state as part of the British Commonwealth of Nations

Question 14

Red Scare

Answer 14

fear of communism. people found with communist literature were sent to prison

Question 15

Trade Unions

Answer 15

workers got no employment insurance, compensation for injuries on the job, or pensions so they formed trade unions to improve housing, job training programs, and higher pay

Question 16

Winnipeg General Strike 1919

Answer 16

30,000 workers walked off the job in Winnipeg. the strike spread from industry to industry and became a general strike causing all services to shut down. many feared it to be a beginning of a communist revolution

winnipeg officials banned all demonstrations, people born outside canada who was suspected of trying to cause a revolution could be arrested and deported without a hearing or trial. government sent troops with machine guns to Winnipeg.

strike drew attention to social and economic problems and got labour leaders more involved in politics. pro-worker parties became popular

Question 17

Bloody Saturday

Answer 17

June 21st, 1919, a huge crowd gathered to watch a parade protesting the arrest of strike leaders as part of the Winnipeg strike. it turned into a riot and the mounted police killed 1 man, injured 30, and arrested hundreds

Question 18

Cooperative Commonwealth Federation

Answer 18

a pro-worker party that sprung up and later turned into the NDP we know of today

Question 19

King-Byng Crisis 1926

Answer 19

William Lyon Mackenzie King & the liberals won less seats than the Conservatives but King refused to resign. the prime minister may stay in power if they have the majority of votes in the HoC (King had votes of Progressive Party)

King asked Governor General Lord Byng to dissolve parliament for a new election when he felt he was losing support of the Progressives. HOWEVER, Byng thought King should have resigned and refused to dissolve parliament. Byng refused the request, and King resigned.

SIGNIFICANCE: first time a Governor General had outright refused the request of a PM to dissolve parliament

Question 20

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Answer 20

tried to get the government to ban all production, sale, and consumption of alcohol because they believed alcohol was evil and the cause of abuse, poverty, diseases, etc

Question 21

Prohibition

Answer 21

the ban on alcohol

Question 22

Rum-Runners

Answer 22

people who waited at the borders to illegally supply alcohol to the thirsty people

Question 23

Agnes Macphail

Answer 23

Canada’s first female member of parliament. she called for prison reform and was appointed to the Senate but died before the appointment was fulfilled

Question 24

Famous Five

Answer 24

composed of 5 Alberta women: Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Louise McKinney, and Irene Parlby

Question 25

Emily Murphy

Answer 25

first woman judge, but lawyers challenger her right to preside in her own court because they claimed that women were not considered “persons”

Question 26

Persons Case

Answer 26

Famous 5 appealed to the Supreme Court whether women were considered “persons” and the supreme court said no. They appealed to the British Privy Council (highest court of Canada) and they said that it did include women.

Question 27

Great Depression

Answer 27

a time of massive unemployment, bankruptcies, climatic disasters, and widespread poverty. as a result, attitudes toward the poor began to change and a social safety net created

CAUSES: overproduction, reliance on exporting staple products, dependence on the US, stock market crash, economic protectionism & tariffs, international debt after WWI

Question 28

Overproduction

Answer 28

industries expanded and huge supplies of manufactured goods were produced but stockpiled because of overproduction. unsold goods caused factory owners to panic so they slowed their production and laid off workers. workers had less money so sales slowed

Question 29

Reliance on Exporting Staple Products

Answer 29

Canada’s economy depended heavily on staples - the most important exports like timber, crops, minerals. Canadian wheat farmers grew record quantities for crops, but so did other countries so competition was fierce and there as a lot of unsold wheat left over.

then the dust bowl hit with terrible droughts and crops died, so the economy failed in a lot of ways

Question 30

Dependence on the USA

Answer 30

40% of canadian exports were sold to America and when their economy failed, ours was soon to follow

Question 31

Stock Market Crash

Answer 31

crashed on Black Tuesday on october 29th, 1929

Question 32

Buying on Margin

Answer 32

investors borrowed money with the hope that in a short time the stock would rise significantly. this whole process was known as speculation. as stocks began to decrease in value, investors began to worry began to sell their stocks, so the prices of stocks continued to drop dramatically.

Question 33

Tariffs

Answer 33

money collected on goods coming into a country

Question 34

Economic Protectionism and Tariffs

Answer 34

US did not need imports from other countries so it became protectionist by protecting its home industries from competition of foreign goods by discouraging imports through tariffs.

Question 35

International Debt After WWI

Answer 35

USA lent money to nations after WWI but these nations could only pay back the money by selling exports. When the USA became protectionist international trade was reduced and those countries lost the ability to pay back their loans

Question 36

New Deal

Answer 36

Franklin Roosevelt introduced it for the Americans after hoover refused to introduce relief measures. it was a set of relief programs meant to put Americans back to work

Question 37

John Maynard Keynes

Answer 37

proposed that governments should spend their way out of the Depression.

Question 38

Deficit Financing

Answer 38

governments could get out of the depression by borrowing money to be repaid in the future, and spending it on huge employment projects

Question 39

Riding the Rails

Answer 39

hitching a rail on freight trains by riding on the cars. initially, people rode to find jobs, but when there were none to be found, people started riding around the country because they had nothing else to do

Question 40

Pogey

Answer 40

provided vouchers to people who qualified that would be exchangeable for goods like food or other essential items. it was deliberately kept lower than the lowest paying job so that people would try to find a job. however, it only resulted in people starving and diseases because pogey was not sufficient

Question 41

Unemployment Relief Camps

Answer 41

set up by R.B Bennet for single unemployed men to labour on public work projects such as building roads, for 20 cents per day + room and board.

Question 42

Bennet’s New Deal

Answer 42

called for: progressive taxation, maximum work hours, minimum wage, regulation of working conditions, unemployment insurance, health and accident insurance, pension plan, agricultural support, marketing board to regulate wheat prices

many people thought that it was too little too late

Question 43

On-to-Ottawa Trek

Answer 43

thousands of relief camp workers went from Vancouver to Ottawa to protest for work with wages and real jobs.

Question 44

Regina Riot

Answer 44

the on-to-ottawa trekkers were stopped by the RCMP in Regina and a riot broke out

Question 45

Dionne Quintuplets

Answer 45

provided diversion from economic woes. were taken over by the Ontario government where they were cared for by a special team of doctors and nurses and rarely saw their family. generated $500 million+ tourist industry.

after a 9 year legal battle, the Quints were finally returned to their family