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AQA History GERMANY > Chapter 3 ; the experience of Germans under the Nazis > Flashcards

Chapter 3 ; the experience of Germans under the Nazis Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was it so important that Hitler got people back to work?

A

politically dangerous
burden on society
waste of recources

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2
Q

What were the Nazi beliefs about unemployed people?

A

waste of resources
burden on society

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3
Q

Why were large numbers of unemployment politically dangerous?

A

support for Communists
uprisings

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4
Q

How many people were unemployed in 1933?

A

6 million

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5
Q

How many people as a percentage were unemployed in 1933?

A

25% of workforce

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6
Q

How many people were unemployed in 1934?

A

2.7 million

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7
Q

How many people were unemployed in 1935?

A

2.1 million

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8
Q

How many people were unemployed in 1938?

A

0.5 million

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9
Q

How many people were unemployed in 1939?

A

0.3 million

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10
Q

What the German Labour Front replace?

A

trade unions

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11
Q

What did the German Labour Front promise to do?

A

protect workers’ rights

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12
Q

What did workers have to ask the German Labour Front for?

A

permission to leave

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13
Q

Why did workers have to ask the German Labour Front permission to leave?

A

strikes had been made illegal in 1933

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14
Q

What were the 3 programmes by the German Labour Front?

A

Strength through Joy
Beauty of Labour
People’s car

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15
Q

What was the aim of the Strength through Joy programme?

A

increase productivity through workers’ happiness

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16
Q

What did the Strength through Joy offer to workers?

A

holidays
football tickets
theatre trips

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17
Q

What was the aim of Beauty of Labour programme?

A

improve work conditions

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18
Q

How did the Beauty of Labour improve conditions?

A

reduced noise
made canteens and sports facilities
better lighting
safety equipment

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19
Q

What did the Beauty of Labour reduce?

A

noise

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20
Q

What did the Beauty of Labour make?

A

canteens
sports facilities

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21
Q

What did the Beauty of Labour improve?

A

lighting
safety equipment

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22
Q

Who designed the People’s Car?

A

Porsche

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23
Q

What did workers have to pay of they wanted a Volkswagen?

A

5 marks a week

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24
Q

Who received a Volkswagen?

A

no one

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25
Q

Why did no one receive a Volkswagen?

A

no one had paid enough money

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26
Q

What did the money raised for the Volkswagen go towards instead?

A

went to rearmament

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27
Q

How did Hitler get people back to work?

A

rearmament
public work schemes
national labour service
invisible unemployment

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28
Q
A
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29
Q

How did rearmament get people back to work?

A

conscription
production of arms

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30
Q

When was conscription introduced?

A

1935

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31
Q

Who was conscription compulsory for?

A

men aged 18-25

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32
Q

How many men were there in the army by 1939?

A

1.4 million

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33
Q

What arms were produced during rearmament?

A

tanks
planes
battleships
guns

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34
Q

How many people were working in arms factories in 1935?

A

4000

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35
Q

How many people were working in arms factories in 1939?

A

72,000

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36
Q

How much did the government spend on arms production in 1935?

A

3.5 billion marks

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37
Q

How much did the government spend on arms production in 1939?

A

26 billion marks

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38
Q

Who was not counted in invisible unemployment?

A

women who gave work for family
Jews who had jobs taken

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39
Q

Who was miscounted in invisible unemployment?

A

part time = full time

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40
Q

How did public work schemes get people back to work?

A

construction

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41
Q

How many jobs did the construction of autobahns provide?

A

100,000 jobs

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42
Q

What was constructed in the public work schemes?

A

autobahns
schools
hospitals
sports facilities
bridges
coastal walls

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43
Q

How did public work schemes benefit the German economy?

A

improved transport infrastructure

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44
Q

When was National Labour Service made compulsory?

A

1935

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45
Q

Who was National Labour Service compulsory to?

A

men aged 18-25

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46
Q

How long did men have to serve in the National Labour Service?

A

6 months

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47
Q

How many men were in the National Labour Service in 1935?

A

422,000 men

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48
Q

Where did men in the National Labour Service live?

A

small camps

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49
Q

What did men in the National Labour Service do?

A

repair roads
mend hedges
dig drainage ditches

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50
Q

Why do some historians argue that unemployment might not have been reduced?

A
  • imprisonment high
  • preparing for a war
  • public money used to pay SS, SA AND GESTAPO
  • correct data???
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51
Q

What was used to pay the SS, SA and Gestapo?

A

public money

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52
Q

How much of the population worked in forestry and agriculture?

A

30 %

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53
Q

Why were the farmers so important in the Nazi era?

A

self sufficiency in nation

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54
Q

What were some advantages for farmers in the Nazi era?

A
  • tax reduced
  • farms would not lose land if in debt
  • law ensured farm remained in family
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55
Q

What were some disadvantages for farmers in the Nazi era?

A
  • law prevented division of farms so children would move to city instead
  • nazis controlled food prices
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56
Q

Why was it right for Germany to become self sufficient?

A
  • feared international trade could be lost
  • rearmament was expensive
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57
Q

Why could international trade be lost?

A
  • foreign policies
  • war
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58
Q

Who was minister of economics between 1933 and 1937?

A

Schacht

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59
Q

Who was minister of economics from 1937 onwards?

A

Goering

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60
Q

Why was Schact sacked?

A
  • Hitler impatient
  • Germany not self sufficient
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61
Q

Who did Schacht sign deals with as minister of economics?

A

South America
Eastern Europe

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62
Q

Why did Schacht sign deals with South America and Eastern Europe?

A

German lacked natural resources

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63
Q

What natural resources did Germany lack?

A

steel, rubber, wood, iron

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64
Q

What did South America and East Europe get in return from the deals with Schacht?

A

German goods

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65
Q

Who created the Four Year Plan?

A

Goering

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66
Q

What did Goering create?

A

Four Year Plan

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67
Q

What was the Four Year Plan?

A

preparation for war

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68
Q

How did the Four Year Plan prepare Germany for war?

A

increased military production

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69
Q

What was produced during the Four Year Plan?

A

uniforms
equipment
weapons

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70
Q

Where were jobs created during the Four Year Plan?

A

factories
shipyards
textile mills

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71
Q

What were targets met in during the Four Year Plan?

A

explosives
steel

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72
Q

What were targets not met in during the Four Year Plan?

A

oil

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73
Q

Who declared self-sufficiency?

A

Goering

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74
Q

What did scientists make petrol from during the Four Year Plan?

A

coal

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75
Q

What did scientists make wool from during the Four Year Plan?

A

wood pulp

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76
Q

What did scientists make makeup from during the Four Year Plan?

A

flour

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77
Q

What did scientists make coffee from during the Four Year Plan?

A

acorns

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78
Q

How were people better off under the Nazis?

A
  • unemployment fell
  • car ownership tripled
  • average wages rose by 20%
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79
Q

How much did car ownership increase by during the Nazi period?

A

tripled

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80
Q

How much did average wages rise by during the Nazi period?

A

20%

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81
Q

How were people worse off under the Nazis?

A
  • dictatorship
  • discrimination
  • volkswagen swindle
  • food prices increased
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82
Q

Why did food prices increase under the Nazis?

A

self-sufficiency

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83
Q

What did self-sufficiency cause?

A
  • increased food prices
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84
Q

What was the impact of war on Germany?

A
  • rationing
  • refugees
  • total War
  • bombing
  • labour shortages
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85
Q

How many eggs a week were Germans allowed during rationing?

A

1 egg per week

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86
Q

How often were Germans allowed hot water per week?

A

twice per week

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87
Q

What was rationed in Germany during WWI?

A

hot water
food
clothes
toilet paper
soap

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88
Q

Why were there so many refugees in Germany during WWI?

A

as a result of bombing

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89
Q

Who replaced mens’ roles in labour shortages in Germany during WWI?

A

women
boys
slave labour

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90
Q

What did boys have to do during labour shortages in WWI?

A

anti-aircraft duties

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91
Q

How many foreign workers were there in Germany by 1944?

A

7 million

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92
Q

When did the Allies begin bombing German cities?

A

1942

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93
Q

What did the bombing of German cities in WWII mean for residents?

A

no elec, water, transport
flooding
gas explosions
homes lost

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94
Q

How much of some cities were destroyed by bombing in WWI?

A

90%

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95
Q

What was Albert Speer’s role?

A

armaments minister

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96
Q

When was Albert Speer made armaments minister?

A

1942

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97
Q

What did Albert Speer tell the country to do during WWI?

A

organise for Total War

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98
Q

What is Total War?

A

all focus on making supplies for soldiers

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99
Q

What did the introduction of Total War mean for factories and workers?

A

factories stayed open for longer

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100
Q

What was closed as a result of Total war?

A

beer halls
dance halls
sweet shops

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101
Q

What was stopped as a result of Total war?

A

postal service

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102
Q

When was the Stalingrad defeat?

A

1943

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103
Q

From when was defeat imminent for Germany?

A

from 1944

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104
Q

How many died at Stalingrad?

A

80,000

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105
Q

How many surrendered at Stalingrad?

A

90,000

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106
Q

What was so difficult about fighting in the Russian winter at Stalingrad?

A

guns would not fire in cold
uniforms not warm enough

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107
Q

What happened after the Stalingrad defeat?

A

America joined Britain

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108
Q

What were Hitler’s aims around the Youth?

A
  1. support Germany
  2. be proud Germans
  3. be Nazi supporters
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109
Q

What were Hitler’s aims around boys?

A

be strong and healthy for war and industry

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110
Q

Why did Hitler want German boys to be strong and healthy?

A

for war and industry

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111
Q

What were Hitler’s aims around girls?

A

be strong and healthy for motherhood

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112
Q

Why did Hitler want German girls to be strong and healthy?

A

for motherhood

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113
Q

What did Hitler want the Youth to see him as?

A

a father figure

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114
Q

Which gender did Hitler prefer?

A

neither, both had equal importance

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115
Q

What did Hitler aim to create by controlling the Youth?

A

Thousand Year Reich

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116
Q

When was the Hitler Youth Organisation formed?

A

1926

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117
Q

When were all other youth groups banned in Germany?

A

1933

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118
Q

When did all sports facilities belong to Hitler Youth Organisation?

A

1936

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119
Q

When did membership of the Hitler Youth Organisation become compulsory?

A

1939

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120
Q

Who was omitted from joining the Hitler Youth Organisation?

A

unwanted minority groups

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121
Q

Which minority groups were not allowed to join the Hitler Youth Organisation?

A

Jewish
Travelling/Romani

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122
Q

What was the name for the boys group for 10-14 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?

A

Little Fellows

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123
Q

What was the name for the boys group for 14-18 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?

A

Young Germans

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124
Q

What was the name for the girls group for 10-14 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?

A

Young Maidens

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125
Q

What was the name for the girls group for 14-18 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?

A

League of German Maidens

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126
Q

How many members did the Hitler Youth Organisation have by 1939?

A

7.2 million

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127
Q

What physical training did children in the Hitler Youth have?

A
  • camping
  • hiking
  • competitions
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128
Q

What character training did children in the Hitler youth have?

A
  • taught values
  • plunged into ice water by SA
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129
Q

What values were children taught in the Hitler Youth?

A

loyalty
comradery
competition
ruthlesness

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130
Q

What did SA leaders do to children in the Hitler Youth as character training?

A

plunge them into ice water

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131
Q

How old was membership of the Hitler Youth compulsory?

A

10 years old

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132
Q

What military training did children in the Hitler Youth have?

A
  • map reading
  • signalling
  • knife skills
  • guns
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133
Q

How many boys had been trained in small armed trained by 1938?

A

1.2 million boys

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134
Q

What political training did children in the Hitler Youth have?

A
  • oath of loyalty
  • race theory
  • encouraged reporting
  • residential information trips
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135
Q

Why was Hitler’s control of the Youth so important?

A
  • easily indoctrinated
  • Thousand Year Reich
  • control future
  • children could report
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136
Q

What did German school teachers have to join?

A

German teachers league

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137
Q

What happened to textbooks in schools?

A

rewritten to fit Nazi ideologies

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138
Q

What did many school teachers wear?

A

SA uniform

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139
Q

What was the uniform of students like?

A

uniform similar to SA

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140
Q

What were potential Nazi leaders called?

A

Napolas

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141
Q

What did teachers pick out?

A

potential Nazi leaders

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142
Q

How were students separated in schools?

A

by gender

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143
Q

Why were students separated by gender?

A

Hitler believed they had different roles to fulfill

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144
Q

What subject was given more importance during the Nazi era?

A

physical education

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145
Q

How much of school week was given to physical education in Nazi era?

A

15%

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146
Q

What subjects introduced in German schools?

A

Racial theory
Eugenics

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147
Q

What became compulsory for boys at school?

A

boxing

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148
Q

What subject had a formal examination introduced?

A

physical education

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149
Q

What could happen if a student’s result in the physical education was unsatisfactory?

A

they would be expelled

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150
Q

What did students learn about in History?

A

ToV
Communism
How jews profited during 1920s

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151
Q

What did students learn about in German?

A

national identity
WWI

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152
Q

What did students learn about in Geography?

A

need for Lebensraum
German empire

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153
Q

How were university lecturers selected?

A

handpicked by Nazi officials

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154
Q

How many university lecturers had been dismissed by 1939?

A

3000 lecturers dismissed

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155
Q

What was not taught in universities?

A

Einstein’s theories

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156
Q

Why was Einstein’s theories not taught in German universities?

A

he was Jewish

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157
Q

What happened to attendance to universities during the Nazi era?

A

attendance dropped

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158
Q

What did all women’s organisations merge into?

A

German Women’s Enterprise

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159
Q

How many members did the German women’s enterprise have?

A

6 million

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160
Q

When was Gertrud Scholtz-Kink given role of Reich’s Women’s Leader?

A

1934

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161
Q

Who was appointed Reich’s Women’s Leader?

A

Gertrud Scholtz-Klink

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162
Q

What was the role of Gertrud Scholtz-Klink?

A

Reich’s Women’s Leader

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163
Q

How many women had attended courses by the German Women’s Enterprise by 1939?

A

1.7 million

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164
Q

What did 1.7 million women attend courses on by 1939?

A

childcare
cooking
sewing

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165
Q

What courses did the German Women’s Enterprise provide?

A

childcare
cooking
sewing

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166
Q

What did the Nazis believe women should focus on?

A

the three Ks

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167
Q

What are the three Ks?

A

Kinder
Kuche
Kirche

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168
Q

What does kinder mean?

A

children

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169
Q

What does kuche mean?

A

cooking

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170
Q

What does Kirche mean?

A

church

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171
Q

What were schoolgirls trained in?

A

housework
how to be a mother

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172
Q

When were grammar schools for girls banned?

A

1937

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173
Q

How many women were in higher education in 1932?

A

17,000

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174
Q

How many women were in higher education in 1939?

A

6000

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175
Q

When were women banned from being teachers, doctors and civil servants?

A

1933

176
Q

What were women banned from being in 1933?

A

teachers
doctors
civil sevants

177
Q

How many women had given up work by 1934?

A

360,000

178
Q

When were women banned from jury service?

A

1936

179
Q

Why were women banned from jury service in 1936?

A

too emotional

180
Q

Why did women return to work in 1937?

A

industry expanded
war looming

181
Q

Why did Hitler put importance on childbirth?

A

birth rate had fallen

182
Q

Why was a high birth rate important in the Nazi era?

A

more births = more workers

183
Q

What was the birth rate in Germany in 1900?

A

2 million

184
Q

What was the birth rate in Germany in 1933?

A

1 million

185
Q

What was the birth rate in Germany in 1939?

A

1.4 million

186
Q

What was offered to couples in the Law of Encouragement of Marriage?

A

1000 marks loan

187
Q

How did the Law of Encouragement of marriage also encourage childbirth?

A

1000 marks loan was only available if wife stopped work and had children

188
Q

How much of loan was written off per child in the Encouragement of marriage?

A

1/4 of loan written off

189
Q

How much was 1000 marks worth?

A

8 months of wages

190
Q

How did the Mother’s Cross encourage childbirth?

A

awarded medals to mothers

191
Q

What was the scheme that awarded mothers with medals?

A

Mother’s Cross

192
Q

How many children were needed for a Bronze medal?

A

4-5 children

193
Q

Which medal was awarded for 4-5 children?

A

Bronze

194
Q

How many children were needed for a Silver medal?

A

6-7 chidren

195
Q

How many children were needed for a Gold medal?

A

8 children

196
Q

Which medal was awarded for 6-7 children?

A

Silver

197
Q

Which medal was awarded for 8 children?

A

Gold

198
Q

When was Lenbensborn introduced?

A

1935

199
Q

What was Lebensborn?

A

single women impregnated by SS leaders

200
Q

How many children were born as a result of Lebensborn?

A

8000

201
Q

When were the Divorce Laws introduced?

A

1938

202
Q

What were the Divorce Laws?

A

husband could divorce wife is she was :
- infertile
- refusal
- had an abortion

203
Q

Who did Hitler Youth children have to salute?

A

mothers with gold medal from Mother’s cross

204
Q

Who did the tenth child of a family have to have as their godfather?

A

Hitler

205
Q

What would the tenth child be called if a boy?

A

Adolf

206
Q

Were there any legislation towards the appearance of women?

A

no

207
Q

What controlled the appearance of women?

A

nazi propaganda

208
Q

What was encouraged in women’s appearance?

A

modesty
hair in buns or plaits

209
Q

What was discouraged in women’s appearance?

A

no dyeing hair
no makeup
no trousers
no high heels

210
Q

What were some successes for the Nazis around women?

A
  • birth rate increased
  • unemployment in men fell
  • less women attended uni
211
Q

What were some failures for Nazis around women?

A
  • not all supported
  • found degrading
  • did not like Scholtz-Klink
212
Q

What areas were women’s lives changed in Nazi Germany?

A

appearance
family + marriage
employment

213
Q

Why did Hitler feel threatened by Catholics?

A

listened to Pope rather than him

214
Q

How many Catholics were there in Germany?

A

20 million

215
Q

How much of the population was Catholic in Germany?

A

1/3

216
Q

What was the Concordat?

A

agreement between Hitler and the Pope

217
Q

When was the Concordat agreed?

A

July 1933

218
Q

What did the Concordat between Hitler and the Pope agree?

A

that Catholics could practice and Pope would not interfere in Germany

219
Q

How did Hitler break the concordat with the Pope?

A
  • catholic schools and youth groups closed
  • priests arrested and harassed
220
Q

When did the Pope make his statement ‘with Burning anxiety’?

A

1937

221
Q

What did the Pope say in his statement ‘with Burning anxiety’?

A

the Nazis were hostile to Christ and his church

222
Q

When was Archbishop Galen put on house arrest?

A

1937

223
Q

Who was Archbishop Galen?

A

head of Catholic church in Germany

224
Q

What are the similarities between Christianity and Nazism?

A
  • marriage, family values
  • anti-Communist
225
Q

When was the Confessional Church formed?

A

1934

226
Q

Who formed the Confessional Church?

A

Pastor Niemoller

227
Q

Why was the Confessional Church banned?

A

openly criticized Nazis

228
Q

When was Pastor Niemoller sent after the Confessional Church was banned?

A

a concentration camp

229
Q

How many pastors of the Confessional Church were arrested?

A

800 pastors

230
Q

Who founded the church of German Christians?

A

Ludwig Muller

231
Q

What did Ludwig Muller become?

A

1st Reich Bishop

232
Q

What did German Christians wear?

A

Nazi uniforms

233
Q

Who did the German Christians want to control their church?

A

Nazis

234
Q

What was the saying of the German Chrisitians?

A

‘swastika on our chest and the cross in our hearts’

235
Q

How were Jehovah’s Witnesses persecuted by the Nazis?

A

1/3 killed in concentration camps

236
Q

Why were Jehovah’s Witnesses persecuted by the Nazis?

A

they were pacifists so refused to serve in army

237
Q

What does resistance mean?

A

refusing to support something
speaking out

238
Q

What does opposition mean?

A

actively working against something to remove it

239
Q

Give examples of Jewish resistance

A

Warsaw Ghetto uprising
Treblinka camp rebellion

240
Q

How many soldiers were killed during the Treblinka camp rebellion?

A

15 guards killed

241
Q

How many Jews escaped during the Treblinka camp rebellion?

A

150 prisoners escaped

242
Q

When was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising?

A

1934

243
Q

How long did the Warsaw Ghetto uprising last?

A

43 days

244
Q

Give examples of youth groups that worked against the Nazis

A

Edelweiss Pirates
White Rose Group
Swing Youth Group

245
Q

What class were the members of the Edelweiss Pirates?

A

working class

246
Q

What did the Edelweiss Pirates do as resistance against the Nazis?

A
  • changed words of Hitler Youth songs to mock Germany
  • attacked Hitler Youth members
247
Q

What did the Edelweiss Pirates of Cologne do?

A

killed Gestapo chief

248
Q

What happened to the Edelweiss Pirates of Cologne?

A

hung in public execution

249
Q

How many of the Edelweiss Pirates of Cologne were killed?

A

12 Edelweiss Pirates

250
Q

What class were the members of the Swing Youth Group?

A

middle class

251
Q

What did the Swing Youth group do as resistance to the Nazis?

A
  • drank alcohol
  • listened to Jazz
  • wore English style clothes
252
Q

What was the greeting used by the Swing Youth Group?

A

Heil Benny

253
Q

What happened to a member of the Swing Youth Group?

A

sent to concentration camp and thrashed with iron bar

254
Q

Who made up the White Rose Group?

A

Sophie and Hans Scholl
Munich University students

255
Q

Who were the siblings who created the White Rose Group?

A

Sophie and Hans Scholl

256
Q

Why did the White Rose Group oppose the Nazis?

A

against murder of Poles and Jews

257
Q

What did the White Rose Group do in resistance against the Nazis?

A

distributed anti-nazi leaflets

258
Q

What happened to the leading members of the White Rose Group?

A

decapitated

259
Q

Who were some of the leading members of the White Rose Group?

A

Hans Scholl
Sophie Scholl
Christoph Probst

260
Q

Which concentration camp was Pastor Niemoller sent to?

A

Dachau

261
Q

What did von Galen campaign against?

A

euthanasia programme

262
Q

What happened to the priests who distributed Galen’s leaflets against euthanasia?

A

executed

263
Q

How many priests that handed out Galen’s leaflets were executed?

A

3 executed

264
Q

Why did the Nazis not kill Galen?

A

that would have made him a martyr

265
Q

How many assassination attempts were there on Hitler?

A

50 attempts

266
Q

Which groups attempted Hitler’s assassination?

A

Beck-Goerdler
Kreisau circle

267
Q

Who led the Beck-Goerdler group?

A

Ludwig Beck
Goerdler

268
Q

Who was Ludwig Beck?

A

former army officer

269
Q

Who was Goerdler?

A

naval officer

270
Q

When did the Beck-Goerdler group attempt assassinations on Hitler?

A

September 1943
July 1944

271
Q

Why did the Kreisau Circle want to assassinate Hitler?

A

shocked by plan of war and Nazi brutality

272
Q

Did the Kreisau Circle ever attempt to kill Hitler?

A

no only discussed it

273
Q

Who made up the Kreisau Circle?

A

army officers
aristocrats
university professers

274
Q

How did the German people do passive resistance?

A
  • publicly disobeyed
  • refused Heil Hitler salute
  • refused donations for HY
275
Q

What does HY stand for?

A

Hitler Youth

276
Q

How many other nazis did the July Bomb plot kill?

A

4 other nazis

277
Q

Who did the Beck-Goerdler group contact prior to the July Bomb Plot?

A

the British

278
Q

Why did the Beck-Goerdler contact the British?

A

removal of Hitler

279
Q

Who carried out the July Bomb Plot?

A

Beck-Goerdler group

280
Q

When was the July Bomb Plot?

A

July 1944

281
Q

What was the closest assassination to Hitler?

A

July Bomb plot

282
Q

Who detonated the bomb in the July bomb plot?

A

army officer von Stauffen

283
Q

What was the affect of the July Bomb plot on Hitler?

A
  • burst eardrums
  • blew clothes off
  • burnt hair
284
Q

What des volksgmeinschaft mean?

A

national community

285
Q

Who was welcomed into the volksgmeinschaft?

A
  • Aryan
  • socially useful
  • mentally and physically healthy
286
Q

What were welcomed members of the volksgmeinschaft encouraged to?

A

encouraged to have lots of racially pure children

287
Q

Who was seen as a threat to the volksgmeinschaft?

A

untermenschen

288
Q

Who were the untermenschen?

A

Eastern europeans
Black people
Jews
gypsies
homosexuals
alcoholics
prostitues

289
Q

What did Hitler want to achieve through the volksgmeinschaft?

A

racially and culturally superior Germany

290
Q

How were Eastern Europeans persecuted in Germany?

A

constantly reminded they did not fit Aryan race

291
Q

When were black people and gypsies arrested and sent to concentration camps?

A

1933

292
Q

When were black people and gypsies banned from travelling and told they must be registered?

A

1938

293
Q

When were black people and gypsies told they were going to be deported?

A

1939

294
Q

What was the persecution law of 1938?

A

decree for the struggles against the Gypsy plague

295
Q

How was persecution controlled in Germany?

A

through legislation

296
Q

When was the decree for the struggles against the gypsy plague issued?

A

1938

297
Q

What was the aim of the decree for the struggles against the gypsy plage?

A

register all Gypsies to ensure racial separation

298
Q

What was the persecution law of July 1933?

A

sterilisation law

299
Q

When was the sterilisation law issued?

A

july 1933

300
Q

What did the sterilisation allow?

A

allowed sterilisation of people with chronic alcoholism and simple mindlesness

301
Q

When were tramps and beggars rounded up?

A

september 1933

302
Q

How many people were sterilised between 1934 and 1945?

A

350,000 sterilised

303
Q

What was the persecution law of 1939?

A

euthanasia programme

304
Q

When were youth concentration camps set up?

A

1937

305
Q

How many people were sent to Buchenwald in 1938?

A

11,000 beggars, tramps, gypsies

306
Q

How did propaganda add to persecution in Germany?

A

stirred up resentment of burdens on germany

307
Q

What was the euthanasia programme?

A

secret extermination of mentally ill

308
Q

How many handicapped children were murdered through the euthanasia programme?

A

6,000 handicapped children

309
Q

How were the 6000 handicapped children killed in the euthanasia programme?

A

gas chamber
lethal injection

310
Q

How many people in total were killed in the euthanasia programme?

A

72,000 people

311
Q

What caused Hitler to stop the euthanasia programme?

A

public protests

312
Q

When did Hitler stop the euthanasia programme?

A

1941

313
Q

When was the method of killing by gas devised?

A

during euthanasia programme

314
Q

What was built in asylums during the euthanasia programme?

A

gas chambers

315
Q

What did German officials calculate during the euthanasia programme?

A
  • savings on food on money
  • better use of hospitals
316
Q

What was the SD?

A

SECURITY FORCE

317
Q

What was the SS?

A

protection squad

318
Q

What was the Gestapo?

A

secret police

319
Q

When was the SS set up?

A

1925

320
Q

Who led the SS?

A

Himmler

321
Q

How many men were there in the SS?

A

240,000

322
Q

What did the SS wear?

A

blackshirts

323
Q

Who ran the concentration camps?

A

Death’s head unit

324
Q

Which part of the SS ran the concentration camps?

A

Death’s head unit

325
Q

When was the SD set up?

A

1931

326
Q

Who set up the SD?

A

Himmler

327
Q

Who led the SD?

A

Heydrich

328
Q

What could the SD do?

A

seize property

329
Q

What did the SD do?

A

spied home and abroad
-> spied on Nazis

330
Q

Who led the Gestapo?

A

Heydrich

331
Q

When was the gestapo set up?

A

1933

332
Q

Who set up the gestapo?

A

Goering

333
Q

What did the gestapo wear?

A

plain clothes

334
Q

How did the gestapo get information?

A

networks of informers and wardens

335
Q

What did the gestapo do?

A

tapped phones
opened post
used torture

336
Q

What could the gestapo do?

A

imprison anyone without trial
send people to camps

337
Q

Who led the SA?

A

Rohm

338
Q

Who set up the SA?

A

Hitler

339
Q

When was the SA set up?

A

1921

340
Q

What did the SA wear?

A

brownshirts

341
Q

Where were concentration camps located?

A

isolation

342
Q

What did the courts have to do during the Nazi era?

A

favour Nazis

343
Q

What did judges have to join?

A

National Socialist League for Maintenance of the Law

344
Q

What was abolished in courts in the Nazi era?

A

jury trial abolished

345
Q

What was set up in courts in the Nazi era?

A

people’s courts for treason

346
Q

How were judges for people’s courts for treason picked?

A

handpicked by Nazis

347
Q

How were trials in people’s courts for treason held?

A

in secret

348
Q

When was Goebbels made Minister of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda?

A

1933

349
Q

What did Goebbels become in 1933?

A

Minister of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda

350
Q

Who controlled all newspapers in Germany?

A

Goebbels

351
Q

Who was banned from working as editors and journalists?

A

Jews

352
Q

How many daily newspapers were there in 1944?

A

only 1000

353
Q

Give an example of a Nazi film that promoted ideologies

A

Eternal Jew

354
Q

What was removed from all external films in the Nazi era?

A

anti-Nazi messages

355
Q

What played before films in the Nazi era?

A

short film on Germany’s greatness

356
Q

What did Goebbels do to promote radio in Germany?

A

made radios cheap

357
Q

How many Germans had a radio by 1939?

A

70%

358
Q

How many loudspeakers were placed in streets and bars for those without a radio?

A

6000 loudspeakers

359
Q

How often did Hitler speak on radio?

A

daily

360
Q

What did the rallies demonstrate?

A

order created from chaos

361
Q

How often was there a rally in Nuremburg?

A

every summer for a week

362
Q

Which was the bestselling book in Germany?

A

Mein Kampf

363
Q

What did Mein Kampf detail?

A

aryan superiority
jewish undermind aryan rule
jews planned to weaken through intermarriage

364
Q

When did book burnings take place?

A

1933

365
Q

What books were burnt during the book burnings?

A

anything unacceptable by Nazi ideologies

366
Q

What did writers need to publish their book?

A

Goebbels permission

367
Q

What music was banned?

A

jazz

368
Q

What music was approved?

A

folk
classical

369
Q

What did musicians have to be apart of?

A

Reich Chamber of Culture

370
Q

What was different about German olympic team?

A

full time athletes

371
Q

How many Jews were included in the Olympic team?

A

1 jew

372
Q

Why was 1 jew included in the Olympic team?

A

prevent countries boycotting

373
Q

How many people could the stadium seat?

A

100,000 people

374
Q

Who owned the majority of film studios in germany?

A

Hugenburg, nazi supporter

375
Q

How did Hugenburg’s ownership of film studios benefit the Nazis?

A

could influence films made

376
Q

What did films have to feature?

A

pro-Nazi message

377
Q

Who had to read and approve scripts of films?

A

Goebbels

378
Q

Which design movement did Hitler close in 1933?

A

Bauhaus

379
Q

When did Hitler close Bauhaus movement?

A

1933

380
Q

What buildings did Hitler prefer?

A

large, stone buildings

381
Q

Why did Hitler prefer large stone buildings?

A

Ancient Greece and Rome

382
Q

What type of art did Hitler hate?

A

modern art

383
Q

When were disapproved paintings burnt?

A

1936

384
Q

How many paintings were publicly burnt in 1936?

A

5000 paintings

385
Q

What type of exhibition did the Nazis open?

A

disapproved art
THEN
approved art

386
Q

Which book was banned?

A

All Quiet on the Western Front

387
Q

How many writers left Germany between 1933 and 1945?

A

2500 writers

388
Q

What was shut down in Germany?

A

cabaret clubs

389
Q

What did the Nazis believe plays should focus on?

A

politics and germany history

390
Q

Where did Germany come in Olympic medal table?

A

top

391
Q

When was the Berlin Olympic Games?

A

1936

392
Q

What was created at the Berlin Olympic Games?

A

olympic torch relay

393
Q

Which film maker documented Olympics?

A

Riefenstahl

394
Q

What type of film did Riefenstahl create?

A

groundbreaking with newest technology

395
Q

Give examples of classical musicians

A

Beethoven
Bach
Wagner
Motzart

396
Q

When were Jewish lawyers banned from working in Berlin?

A

March 1933

397
Q

When were Jewish judges suspended from office?

A

March 1933

398
Q

When were Jewish teachers banned from state schools?

A

April 1933

399
Q

When were Jewish civil servants dismissed?

A

April 1933

400
Q

When were Aryan and non Aryan children banned from playing with each other?

A

April 1933

401
Q

When was race studies introduced in schools?

A

September 1933

402
Q

When were Jewish writers banned from working?

A

March 1935

403
Q

When were Jewish musicians banned from state orchestras?

A

March 1935

404
Q

When were ‘For Jew’ benches created?

A

April 1935

405
Q

When were the Nuremburg Laws created?

A

September 1935

406
Q

What was taken away from Jews through the Nuremburg Laws?

A

German citizenship

407
Q

What was banned in the Nuremburg Laws?

A

marriage between Jew and non-Jew

408
Q

Why was Hitler anti-semistic?

A

Jews in Vienna were well paid and well educated
- Hitler was jealous

409
Q

What did Hitler blame the Jewish community for?

A

defeat in WWI
Great Depression

410
Q

When did Jews have to declare finances?

A

April 1938

411
Q

When were the assets of Jews taken?

A

April 1938

412
Q

When were Jewish street names change?

A

July 1938

413
Q

When were Jewish passports stamped with J?

A

October 1938

414
Q

When were Jews banned from public places?

A

November 1938

415
Q

Where were Jews banned from in November 1938?

A

cinemas, theatres, operas, concerts, schools

416
Q

When was Kristalchnacht?

A

9th November 1938

417
Q

What caused Kristalnacht?

A

Jew killed German diplomat in Paris
Goebbels wanted to please Hitler

418
Q

Why did Goebbels have to please Hitler with Kristalnacht?

A

he had an affair with a Czechoslovakian actress

419
Q

Who deduced Kristalnacht?

A

Goebbels

420
Q

How many jews were arrested on Kristalnacht?

A

20,000 Jews

421
Q

How many jews were killed on Kristalnacht?

A

91 Jews

422
Q

How many synagogues were burned?

A

267 synagogues

423
Q

How many Jewish shops had broken windows?

A

100,000 shops

424
Q

What was the Jewish community forced to do after Kristalnacht?

A

pay reparations
clean up

425
Q

When were Jews made to collect ruins of synanogogues?

A

March 1939

426
Q

When could Jews be evicted without reason?

A

April 1939

427
Q

When were curfews for Jews introduced?

A

September 1939

428
Q

When were ghettos created?

A

1939

429
Q

How much of Warsaw population lived in the ghetto?

A

40%

430
Q

How big was the Warsaw ghetto?

A

1% of Warsaw

431
Q

When was the final solution decided?

A

1942

432
Q

What was the Final Solution?

A

genocide of every Jew in German territory

433
Q

When was the Final Solution decided?

A

Wannsee Conference

434
Q

How long was the Wannsee Conference?

A

12 minutes

435
Q

How many Jews were killed during the Holocaust?

A

6 million

AQA History GERMANY (3 decks)

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