Chapter 3 ; the experience of Germans under the Nazis Flashcards
Why was it so important that Hitler got people back to work?
politically dangerous
burden on society
waste of recources
What were the Nazi beliefs about unemployed people?
waste of resources
burden on society
Why were large numbers of unemployment politically dangerous?
support for Communists
uprisings
How many people were unemployed in 1933?
6 million
How many people as a percentage were unemployed in 1933?
25% of workforce
How many people were unemployed in 1934?
2.7 million
How many people were unemployed in 1935?
2.1 million
How many people were unemployed in 1938?
0.5 million
How many people were unemployed in 1939?
0.3 million
What the German Labour Front replace?
trade unions
What did the German Labour Front promise to do?
protect workers’ rights
What did workers have to ask the German Labour Front for?
permission to leave
Why did workers have to ask the German Labour Front permission to leave?
strikes had been made illegal in 1933
What were the 3 programmes by the German Labour Front?
Strength through Joy
Beauty of Labour
People’s car
What was the aim of the Strength through Joy programme?
increase productivity through workers’ happiness
What did the Strength through Joy offer to workers?
holidays
football tickets
theatre trips
What was the aim of Beauty of Labour programme?
improve work conditions
How did the Beauty of Labour improve conditions?
reduced noise
made canteens and sports facilities
better lighting
safety equipment
What did the Beauty of Labour reduce?
noise
What did the Beauty of Labour make?
canteens
sports facilities
What did the Beauty of Labour improve?
lighting
safety equipment
Who designed the People’s Car?
Porsche
What did workers have to pay of they wanted a Volkswagen?
5 marks a week
Who received a Volkswagen?
no one
Why did no one receive a Volkswagen?
no one had paid enough money
What did the money raised for the Volkswagen go towards instead?
went to rearmament
How did Hitler get people back to work?
rearmament
public work schemes
national labour service
invisible unemployment
How did rearmament get people back to work?
conscription
production of arms
When was conscription introduced?
1935
Who was conscription compulsory for?
men aged 18-25
How many men were there in the army by 1939?
1.4 million
What arms were produced during rearmament?
tanks
planes
battleships
guns
How many people were working in arms factories in 1935?
4000
How many people were working in arms factories in 1939?
72,000
How much did the government spend on arms production in 1935?
3.5 billion marks
How much did the government spend on arms production in 1939?
26 billion marks
Who was not counted in invisible unemployment?
women who gave work for family
Jews who had jobs taken
Who was miscounted in invisible unemployment?
part time = full time
How did public work schemes get people back to work?
construction
How many jobs did the construction of autobahns provide?
100,000 jobs
What was constructed in the public work schemes?
autobahns
schools
hospitals
sports facilities
bridges
coastal walls
How did public work schemes benefit the German economy?
improved transport infrastructure
When was National Labour Service made compulsory?
1935
Who was National Labour Service compulsory to?
men aged 18-25
How long did men have to serve in the National Labour Service?
6 months
How many men were in the National Labour Service in 1935?
422,000 men
Where did men in the National Labour Service live?
small camps
What did men in the National Labour Service do?
repair roads
mend hedges
dig drainage ditches
Why do some historians argue that unemployment might not have been reduced?
- imprisonment high
- preparing for a war
- public money used to pay SS, SA AND GESTAPO
- correct data???
What was used to pay the SS, SA and Gestapo?
public money
How much of the population worked in forestry and agriculture?
30 %
Why were the farmers so important in the Nazi era?
self sufficiency in nation
What were some advantages for farmers in the Nazi era?
- tax reduced
- farms would not lose land if in debt
- law ensured farm remained in family
What were some disadvantages for farmers in the Nazi era?
- law prevented division of farms so children would move to city instead
- nazis controlled food prices
Why was it right for Germany to become self sufficient?
- feared international trade could be lost
- rearmament was expensive
Why could international trade be lost?
- foreign policies
- war
Who was minister of economics between 1933 and 1937?
Schacht
Who was minister of economics from 1937 onwards?
Goering
Why was Schact sacked?
- Hitler impatient
- Germany not self sufficient
Who did Schacht sign deals with as minister of economics?
South America
Eastern Europe
Why did Schacht sign deals with South America and Eastern Europe?
German lacked natural resources
What natural resources did Germany lack?
steel, rubber, wood, iron
What did South America and East Europe get in return from the deals with Schacht?
German goods
Who created the Four Year Plan?
Goering
What did Goering create?
Four Year Plan
What was the Four Year Plan?
preparation for war
How did the Four Year Plan prepare Germany for war?
increased military production
What was produced during the Four Year Plan?
uniforms
equipment
weapons
Where were jobs created during the Four Year Plan?
factories
shipyards
textile mills
What were targets met in during the Four Year Plan?
explosives
steel
What were targets not met in during the Four Year Plan?
oil
Who declared self-sufficiency?
Goering
What did scientists make petrol from during the Four Year Plan?
coal
What did scientists make wool from during the Four Year Plan?
wood pulp
What did scientists make makeup from during the Four Year Plan?
flour
What did scientists make coffee from during the Four Year Plan?
acorns
How were people better off under the Nazis?
- unemployment fell
- car ownership tripled
- average wages rose by 20%
How much did car ownership increase by during the Nazi period?
tripled
How much did average wages rise by during the Nazi period?
20%
How were people worse off under the Nazis?
- dictatorship
- discrimination
- volkswagen swindle
- food prices increased
Why did food prices increase under the Nazis?
self-sufficiency
What did self-sufficiency cause?
- increased food prices
What was the impact of war on Germany?
- rationing
- refugees
- total War
- bombing
- labour shortages
How many eggs a week were Germans allowed during rationing?
1 egg per week
How often were Germans allowed hot water per week?
twice per week
What was rationed in Germany during WWI?
hot water
food
clothes
toilet paper
soap
Why were there so many refugees in Germany during WWI?
as a result of bombing
Who replaced mens’ roles in labour shortages in Germany during WWI?
women
boys
slave labour
What did boys have to do during labour shortages in WWI?
anti-aircraft duties
How many foreign workers were there in Germany by 1944?
7 million
When did the Allies begin bombing German cities?
1942
What did the bombing of German cities in WWII mean for residents?
no elec, water, transport
flooding
gas explosions
homes lost
How much of some cities were destroyed by bombing in WWI?
90%
What was Albert Speer’s role?
armaments minister
When was Albert Speer made armaments minister?
1942
What did Albert Speer tell the country to do during WWI?
organise for Total War
What is Total War?
all focus on making supplies for soldiers
What did the introduction of Total War mean for factories and workers?
factories stayed open for longer
What was closed as a result of Total war?
beer halls
dance halls
sweet shops
What was stopped as a result of Total war?
postal service
When was the Stalingrad defeat?
1943
From when was defeat imminent for Germany?
from 1944
How many died at Stalingrad?
80,000
How many surrendered at Stalingrad?
90,000
What was so difficult about fighting in the Russian winter at Stalingrad?
guns would not fire in cold
uniforms not warm enough
What happened after the Stalingrad defeat?
America joined Britain
What were Hitler’s aims around the Youth?
- support Germany
- be proud Germans
- be Nazi supporters
What were Hitler’s aims around boys?
be strong and healthy for war and industry
Why did Hitler want German boys to be strong and healthy?
for war and industry
What were Hitler’s aims around girls?
be strong and healthy for motherhood
Why did Hitler want German girls to be strong and healthy?
for motherhood
What did Hitler want the Youth to see him as?
a father figure
Which gender did Hitler prefer?
neither, both had equal importance
What did Hitler aim to create by controlling the Youth?
Thousand Year Reich
When was the Hitler Youth Organisation formed?
1926
When were all other youth groups banned in Germany?
1933
When did all sports facilities belong to Hitler Youth Organisation?
1936
When did membership of the Hitler Youth Organisation become compulsory?
1939
Who was omitted from joining the Hitler Youth Organisation?
unwanted minority groups
Which minority groups were not allowed to join the Hitler Youth Organisation?
Jewish
Travelling/Romani
What was the name for the boys group for 10-14 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?
Little Fellows
What was the name for the boys group for 14-18 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?
Young Germans
What was the name for the girls group for 10-14 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?
Young Maidens
What was the name for the girls group for 14-18 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?
League of German Maidens
How many members did the Hitler Youth Organisation have by 1939?
7.2 million
What physical training did children in the Hitler Youth have?
- camping
- hiking
- competitions
What character training did children in the Hitler youth have?
- taught values
- plunged into ice water by SA
What values were children taught in the Hitler Youth?
loyalty
comradery
competition
ruthlesness
What did SA leaders do to children in the Hitler Youth as character training?
plunge them into ice water
How old was membership of the Hitler Youth compulsory?
10 years old
What military training did children in the Hitler Youth have?
- map reading
- signalling
- knife skills
- guns
How many boys had been trained in small armed trained by 1938?
1.2 million boys
What political training did children in the Hitler Youth have?
- oath of loyalty
- race theory
- encouraged reporting
- residential information trips
Why was Hitler’s control of the Youth so important?
- easily indoctrinated
- Thousand Year Reich
- control future
- children could report
What did German school teachers have to join?
German teachers league
What happened to textbooks in schools?
rewritten to fit Nazi ideologies
What did many school teachers wear?
SA uniform
What was the uniform of students like?
uniform similar to SA
What were potential Nazi leaders called?
Napolas
What did teachers pick out?
potential Nazi leaders
How were students separated in schools?
by gender
Why were students separated by gender?
Hitler believed they had different roles to fulfill
What subject was given more importance during the Nazi era?
physical education
How much of school week was given to physical education in Nazi era?
15%
What subjects introduced in German schools?
Racial theory
Eugenics
What became compulsory for boys at school?
boxing
What subject had a formal examination introduced?
physical education
What could happen if a student’s result in the physical education was unsatisfactory?
they would be expelled
What did students learn about in History?
ToV
Communism
How jews profited during 1920s
What did students learn about in German?
national identity
WWI
What did students learn about in Geography?
need for Lebensraum
German empire
How were university lecturers selected?
handpicked by Nazi officials
How many university lecturers had been dismissed by 1939?
3000 lecturers dismissed
What was not taught in universities?
Einstein’s theories
Why was Einstein’s theories not taught in German universities?
he was Jewish
What happened to attendance to universities during the Nazi era?
attendance dropped
What did all women’s organisations merge into?
German Women’s Enterprise
How many members did the German women’s enterprise have?
6 million
When was Gertrud Scholtz-Kink given role of Reich’s Women’s Leader?
1934
Who was appointed Reich’s Women’s Leader?
Gertrud Scholtz-Klink
What was the role of Gertrud Scholtz-Klink?
Reich’s Women’s Leader
How many women had attended courses by the German Women’s Enterprise by 1939?
1.7 million
What did 1.7 million women attend courses on by 1939?
childcare
cooking
sewing
What courses did the German Women’s Enterprise provide?
childcare
cooking
sewing
What did the Nazis believe women should focus on?
the three Ks
What are the three Ks?
Kinder
Kuche
Kirche
What does kinder mean?
children
What does kuche mean?
cooking
What does Kirche mean?
church
What were schoolgirls trained in?
housework
how to be a mother
When were grammar schools for girls banned?
1937
How many women were in higher education in 1932?
17,000
How many women were in higher education in 1939?
6000
When were women banned from being teachers, doctors and civil servants?
1933
What were women banned from being in 1933?
teachers
doctors
civil sevants
How many women had given up work by 1934?
360,000
When were women banned from jury service?
1936
Why were women banned from jury service in 1936?
too emotional
Why did women return to work in 1937?
industry expanded
war looming
Why did Hitler put importance on childbirth?
birth rate had fallen
Why was a high birth rate important in the Nazi era?
more births = more workers
What was the birth rate in Germany in 1900?
2 million
What was the birth rate in Germany in 1933?
1 million
What was the birth rate in Germany in 1939?
1.4 million
What was offered to couples in the Law of Encouragement of Marriage?
1000 marks loan
How did the Law of Encouragement of marriage also encourage childbirth?
1000 marks loan was only available if wife stopped work and had children
How much of loan was written off per child in the Encouragement of marriage?
1/4 of loan written off
How much was 1000 marks worth?
8 months of wages
How did the Mother’s Cross encourage childbirth?
awarded medals to mothers
What was the scheme that awarded mothers with medals?
Mother’s Cross
How many children were needed for a Bronze medal?
4-5 children
Which medal was awarded for 4-5 children?
Bronze
How many children were needed for a Silver medal?
6-7 chidren
How many children were needed for a Gold medal?
8 children
Which medal was awarded for 6-7 children?
Silver
Which medal was awarded for 8 children?
Gold
When was Lenbensborn introduced?
1935
What was Lebensborn?
single women impregnated by SS leaders
How many children were born as a result of Lebensborn?
8000
When were the Divorce Laws introduced?
1938
What were the Divorce Laws?
husband could divorce wife is she was :
- infertile
- refusal
- had an abortion
Who did Hitler Youth children have to salute?
mothers with gold medal from Mother’s cross
Who did the tenth child of a family have to have as their godfather?
Hitler
What would the tenth child be called if a boy?
Adolf
Were there any legislation towards the appearance of women?
no
What controlled the appearance of women?
nazi propaganda
What was encouraged in women’s appearance?
modesty
hair in buns or plaits
What was discouraged in women’s appearance?
no dyeing hair
no makeup
no trousers
no high heels
What were some successes for the Nazis around women?
- birth rate increased
- unemployment in men fell
- less women attended uni
What were some failures for Nazis around women?
- not all supported
- found degrading
- did not like Scholtz-Klink
What areas were women’s lives changed in Nazi Germany?
appearance
family + marriage
employment
Why did Hitler feel threatened by Catholics?
listened to Pope rather than him
How many Catholics were there in Germany?
20 million
How much of the population was Catholic in Germany?
1/3
What was the Concordat?
agreement between Hitler and the Pope
When was the Concordat agreed?
July 1933
What did the Concordat between Hitler and the Pope agree?
that Catholics could practice and Pope would not interfere in Germany
How did Hitler break the concordat with the Pope?
- catholic schools and youth groups closed
- priests arrested and harassed
When did the Pope make his statement ‘with Burning anxiety’?
1937
What did the Pope say in his statement ‘with Burning anxiety’?
the Nazis were hostile to Christ and his church
When was Archbishop Galen put on house arrest?
1937
Who was Archbishop Galen?
head of Catholic church in Germany
What are the similarities between Christianity and Nazism?
- marriage, family values
- anti-Communist
When was the Confessional Church formed?
1934
Who formed the Confessional Church?
Pastor Niemoller
Why was the Confessional Church banned?
openly criticized Nazis
When was Pastor Niemoller sent after the Confessional Church was banned?
a concentration camp
How many pastors of the Confessional Church were arrested?
800 pastors
Who founded the church of German Christians?
Ludwig Muller
What did Ludwig Muller become?
1st Reich Bishop
What did German Christians wear?
Nazi uniforms
Who did the German Christians want to control their church?
Nazis
What was the saying of the German Chrisitians?
‘swastika on our chest and the cross in our hearts’
How were Jehovah’s Witnesses persecuted by the Nazis?
1/3 killed in concentration camps
Why were Jehovah’s Witnesses persecuted by the Nazis?
they were pacifists so refused to serve in army
What does resistance mean?
refusing to support something
speaking out
What does opposition mean?
actively working against something to remove it
Give examples of Jewish resistance
Warsaw Ghetto uprising
Treblinka camp rebellion
How many soldiers were killed during the Treblinka camp rebellion?
15 guards killed
How many Jews escaped during the Treblinka camp rebellion?
150 prisoners escaped
When was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising?
1934
How long did the Warsaw Ghetto uprising last?
43 days
Give examples of youth groups that worked against the Nazis
Edelweiss Pirates
White Rose Group
Swing Youth Group
What class were the members of the Edelweiss Pirates?
working class
What did the Edelweiss Pirates do as resistance against the Nazis?
- changed words of Hitler Youth songs to mock Germany
- attacked Hitler Youth members
What did the Edelweiss Pirates of Cologne do?
killed Gestapo chief
What happened to the Edelweiss Pirates of Cologne?
hung in public execution
How many of the Edelweiss Pirates of Cologne were killed?
12 Edelweiss Pirates
What class were the members of the Swing Youth Group?
middle class
What did the Swing Youth group do as resistance to the Nazis?
- drank alcohol
- listened to Jazz
- wore English style clothes
What was the greeting used by the Swing Youth Group?
Heil Benny
What happened to a member of the Swing Youth Group?
sent to concentration camp and thrashed with iron bar
Who made up the White Rose Group?
Sophie and Hans Scholl
Munich University students
Who were the siblings who created the White Rose Group?
Sophie and Hans Scholl
Why did the White Rose Group oppose the Nazis?
against murder of Poles and Jews
What did the White Rose Group do in resistance against the Nazis?
distributed anti-nazi leaflets
What happened to the leading members of the White Rose Group?
decapitated
Who were some of the leading members of the White Rose Group?
Hans Scholl
Sophie Scholl
Christoph Probst
Which concentration camp was Pastor Niemoller sent to?
Dachau
What did von Galen campaign against?
euthanasia programme
What happened to the priests who distributed Galen’s leaflets against euthanasia?
executed
How many priests that handed out Galen’s leaflets were executed?
3 executed
Why did the Nazis not kill Galen?
that would have made him a martyr
How many assassination attempts were there on Hitler?
50 attempts
Which groups attempted Hitler’s assassination?
Beck-Goerdler
Kreisau circle
Who led the Beck-Goerdler group?
Ludwig Beck
Goerdler
Who was Ludwig Beck?
former army officer
Who was Goerdler?
naval officer
When did the Beck-Goerdler group attempt assassinations on Hitler?
September 1943
July 1944
Why did the Kreisau Circle want to assassinate Hitler?
shocked by plan of war and Nazi brutality
Did the Kreisau Circle ever attempt to kill Hitler?
no only discussed it
Who made up the Kreisau Circle?
army officers
aristocrats
university professers
How did the German people do passive resistance?
- publicly disobeyed
- refused Heil Hitler salute
- refused donations for HY
What does HY stand for?
Hitler Youth
How many other nazis did the July Bomb plot kill?
4 other nazis
Who did the Beck-Goerdler group contact prior to the July Bomb Plot?
the British
Why did the Beck-Goerdler contact the British?
removal of Hitler
Who carried out the July Bomb Plot?
Beck-Goerdler group
When was the July Bomb Plot?
July 1944
What was the closest assassination to Hitler?
July Bomb plot
Who detonated the bomb in the July bomb plot?
army officer von Stauffen
What was the affect of the July Bomb plot on Hitler?
- burst eardrums
- blew clothes off
- burnt hair
What des volksgmeinschaft mean?
national community
Who was welcomed into the volksgmeinschaft?
- Aryan
- socially useful
- mentally and physically healthy
What were welcomed members of the volksgmeinschaft encouraged to?
encouraged to have lots of racially pure children
Who was seen as a threat to the volksgmeinschaft?
untermenschen
Who were the untermenschen?
Eastern europeans
Black people
Jews
gypsies
homosexuals
alcoholics
prostitues
What did Hitler want to achieve through the volksgmeinschaft?
racially and culturally superior Germany
How were Eastern Europeans persecuted in Germany?
constantly reminded they did not fit Aryan race
When were black people and gypsies arrested and sent to concentration camps?
1933
When were black people and gypsies banned from travelling and told they must be registered?
1938
When were black people and gypsies told they were going to be deported?
1939
What was the persecution law of 1938?
decree for the struggles against the Gypsy plague
How was persecution controlled in Germany?
through legislation
When was the decree for the struggles against the gypsy plague issued?
1938
What was the aim of the decree for the struggles against the gypsy plage?
register all Gypsies to ensure racial separation
What was the persecution law of July 1933?
sterilisation law
When was the sterilisation law issued?
july 1933
What did the sterilisation allow?
allowed sterilisation of people with chronic alcoholism and simple mindlesness
When were tramps and beggars rounded up?
september 1933
How many people were sterilised between 1934 and 1945?
350,000 sterilised
What was the persecution law of 1939?
euthanasia programme
When were youth concentration camps set up?
1937
How many people were sent to Buchenwald in 1938?
11,000 beggars, tramps, gypsies
How did propaganda add to persecution in Germany?
stirred up resentment of burdens on germany
What was the euthanasia programme?
secret extermination of mentally ill
How many handicapped children were murdered through the euthanasia programme?
6,000 handicapped children
How were the 6000 handicapped children killed in the euthanasia programme?
gas chamber
lethal injection
How many people in total were killed in the euthanasia programme?
72,000 people
What caused Hitler to stop the euthanasia programme?
public protests
When did Hitler stop the euthanasia programme?
1941
When was the method of killing by gas devised?
during euthanasia programme
What was built in asylums during the euthanasia programme?
gas chambers
What did German officials calculate during the euthanasia programme?
- savings on food on money
- better use of hospitals
What was the SD?
SECURITY FORCE
What was the SS?
protection squad
What was the Gestapo?
secret police
When was the SS set up?
1925
Who led the SS?
Himmler
How many men were there in the SS?
240,000
What did the SS wear?
blackshirts
Who ran the concentration camps?
Death’s head unit
Which part of the SS ran the concentration camps?
Death’s head unit
When was the SD set up?
1931
Who set up the SD?
Himmler
Who led the SD?
Heydrich
What could the SD do?
seize property
What did the SD do?
spied home and abroad
-> spied on Nazis
Who led the Gestapo?
Heydrich
When was the gestapo set up?
1933
Who set up the gestapo?
Goering
What did the gestapo wear?
plain clothes
How did the gestapo get information?
networks of informers and wardens
What did the gestapo do?
tapped phones
opened post
used torture
What could the gestapo do?
imprison anyone without trial
send people to camps
Who led the SA?
Rohm
Who set up the SA?
Hitler
When was the SA set up?
1921
What did the SA wear?
brownshirts
Where were concentration camps located?
isolation
What did the courts have to do during the Nazi era?
favour Nazis
What did judges have to join?
National Socialist League for Maintenance of the Law
What was abolished in courts in the Nazi era?
jury trial abolished
What was set up in courts in the Nazi era?
people’s courts for treason
How were judges for people’s courts for treason picked?
handpicked by Nazis
How were trials in people’s courts for treason held?
in secret
When was Goebbels made Minister of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda?
1933
What did Goebbels become in 1933?
Minister of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda
Who controlled all newspapers in Germany?
Goebbels
Who was banned from working as editors and journalists?
Jews
How many daily newspapers were there in 1944?
only 1000
Give an example of a Nazi film that promoted ideologies
Eternal Jew
What was removed from all external films in the Nazi era?
anti-Nazi messages
What played before films in the Nazi era?
short film on Germany’s greatness
What did Goebbels do to promote radio in Germany?
made radios cheap
How many Germans had a radio by 1939?
70%
How many loudspeakers were placed in streets and bars for those without a radio?
6000 loudspeakers
How often did Hitler speak on radio?
daily
What did the rallies demonstrate?
order created from chaos
How often was there a rally in Nuremburg?
every summer for a week
Which was the bestselling book in Germany?
Mein Kampf
What did Mein Kampf detail?
aryan superiority
jewish undermind aryan rule
jews planned to weaken through intermarriage
When did book burnings take place?
1933
What books were burnt during the book burnings?
anything unacceptable by Nazi ideologies
What did writers need to publish their book?
Goebbels permission
What music was banned?
jazz
What music was approved?
folk
classical
What did musicians have to be apart of?
Reich Chamber of Culture
What was different about German olympic team?
full time athletes
How many Jews were included in the Olympic team?
1 jew
Why was 1 jew included in the Olympic team?
prevent countries boycotting
How many people could the stadium seat?
100,000 people
Who owned the majority of film studios in germany?
Hugenburg, nazi supporter
How did Hugenburg’s ownership of film studios benefit the Nazis?
could influence films made
What did films have to feature?
pro-Nazi message
Who had to read and approve scripts of films?
Goebbels
Which design movement did Hitler close in 1933?
Bauhaus
When did Hitler close Bauhaus movement?
1933
What buildings did Hitler prefer?
large, stone buildings
Why did Hitler prefer large stone buildings?
Ancient Greece and Rome
What type of art did Hitler hate?
modern art
When were disapproved paintings burnt?
1936
How many paintings were publicly burnt in 1936?
5000 paintings
What type of exhibition did the Nazis open?
disapproved art
THEN
approved art
Which book was banned?
All Quiet on the Western Front
How many writers left Germany between 1933 and 1945?
2500 writers
What was shut down in Germany?
cabaret clubs
What did the Nazis believe plays should focus on?
politics and germany history
Where did Germany come in Olympic medal table?
top
When was the Berlin Olympic Games?
1936
What was created at the Berlin Olympic Games?
olympic torch relay
Which film maker documented Olympics?
Riefenstahl
What type of film did Riefenstahl create?
groundbreaking with newest technology
Give examples of classical musicians
Beethoven
Bach
Wagner
Motzart
When were Jewish lawyers banned from working in Berlin?
March 1933
When were Jewish judges suspended from office?
March 1933
When were Jewish teachers banned from state schools?
April 1933
When were Jewish civil servants dismissed?
April 1933
When were Aryan and non Aryan children banned from playing with each other?
April 1933
When was race studies introduced in schools?
September 1933
When were Jewish writers banned from working?
March 1935
When were Jewish musicians banned from state orchestras?
March 1935
When were ‘For Jew’ benches created?
April 1935
When were the Nuremburg Laws created?
September 1935
What was taken away from Jews through the Nuremburg Laws?
German citizenship
What was banned in the Nuremburg Laws?
marriage between Jew and non-Jew
Why was Hitler anti-semistic?
Jews in Vienna were well paid and well educated
- Hitler was jealous
What did Hitler blame the Jewish community for?
defeat in WWI
Great Depression
When did Jews have to declare finances?
April 1938
When were the assets of Jews taken?
April 1938
When were Jewish street names change?
July 1938
When were Jewish passports stamped with J?
October 1938
When were Jews banned from public places?
November 1938
Where were Jews banned from in November 1938?
cinemas, theatres, operas, concerts, schools
When was Kristalchnacht?
9th November 1938
What caused Kristalnacht?
Jew killed German diplomat in Paris
Goebbels wanted to please Hitler
Why did Goebbels have to please Hitler with Kristalnacht?
he had an affair with a Czechoslovakian actress
Who deduced Kristalnacht?
Goebbels
How many jews were arrested on Kristalnacht?
20,000 Jews
How many jews were killed on Kristalnacht?
91 Jews
How many synagogues were burned?
267 synagogues
How many Jewish shops had broken windows?
100,000 shops
What was the Jewish community forced to do after Kristalnacht?
pay reparations
clean up
When were Jews made to collect ruins of synanogogues?
March 1939
When could Jews be evicted without reason?
April 1939
When were curfews for Jews introduced?
September 1939
When were ghettos created?
1939
How much of Warsaw population lived in the ghetto?
40%
How big was the Warsaw ghetto?
1% of Warsaw
When was the final solution decided?
1942
What was the Final Solution?
genocide of every Jew in German territory
When was the Final Solution decided?
Wannsee Conference
How long was the Wannsee Conference?
12 minutes
How many Jews were killed during the Holocaust?
6 million
