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AQA History GERMANY > Chapter 2 ; Germany and the Depression > Flashcards

Chapter 2 ; Germany and the Depression Flashcards

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1
Q

What caused the Great Depression?

A

the Wall Street Crash

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2
Q

When did the Wall Street Crash happen?

A

october 1929

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3
Q

When did Gustav Stresseman die?

A

october 1929

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4
Q

What caused the Wall Street Crash?

A

American people not satisfied with profit from shares so decided to sell

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5
Q

How did the selling of shares in America cause the WSC?

A

prices dropped and shares became of no value

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6
Q

Why did the WSC affect Germany?

A

American banks wanted loans back from Germany

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7
Q

What were the political impacts of the Great Depression in Germany?

A

popularity for extremist parties grew

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8
Q

How many votes did the Communists get in 1930, the year following the WSC?

A

77 (from 54)

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9
Q

How many votes did the Nazis get in 1930, the year following the WSC?

A

107 (from 12)

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10
Q

What were the economic impacts on Germany following the Great Depression?

A

wanted loans bank
factories closed

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11
Q

Why did German businesses go bankrupt after the WSC?

A
  • America wanted loans back
  • Germany tried to reclaim from businesses
  • went bankrupt
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12
Q

What happened to the German businesses after the WSC?

A

went bankrupt

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13
Q

What happened to German factories after the WSC?

A

shut down

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14
Q

Why did German factories shut down after the WSC?

A
  • America had bought German goods
  • Americans could no longer afford
  • factories shut down
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15
Q

What were the social impacts on Germany after the WSC?

A

jobless
homeless
hungry
angry at leaders

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16
Q

What happened to savings in Germany as a result of the Great Depression?

A

became worthless

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17
Q

What affects did the Great Depression have on Germany?

A
  • taxes increased
  • wages decreased
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18
Q

How much did wages of workers decrease by from 1928 to 1933?

A

in 1933 wages were 70% of 1928 wages

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19
Q

What were set up as a result of homelessness during the GD in Germany?

A

shanty towns

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20
Q

Why did violence and crime increase during the GD in Germany?

A

boredom became violence

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21
Q

How much did arrests for theft increase by during the GD in Germany?

A

increased by 24%

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22
Q

Why was the unemployment benefit harder to pay during the GD?

A

so many unemployed

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23
Q

What affect did the difficulty of paying unemployment benefit have on Germans?

A

taxes increased
unemployment benefit decreased

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24
Q

How many people were unemployed in september 1929?

A

1.3 million unemployed

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25
Q

How many people were unemployed in september 1931?

A

4.3 million unemployed

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26
Q

How many people were unemployed in september 1932?

A

5.1 million unemployed

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27
Q

How many people were unemployed in january 1933?

A

6.1 million

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28
Q

What was the original name for the Nazis?

A

German workers’ party

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29
Q

Who set up the German workers’ party?

A

Anton Drexler

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30
Q

When was the German workers’ party set up?

A

1919

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31
Q

When did Hitler join the Nazi Party?

A

September 1919

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32
Q

When did Hitler become second in command in the Nazi Party?

A

1920

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33
Q

When did Hitler become leader of the Nazi party?

A

1921

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34
Q

What did the introduction of Hitler mean for the Nazi party?

A

introduced SA
swastika
new name
25 point programme

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35
Q

What were the SA?

A

brown shirts
disrupted opposition

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36
Q

Who did Hitler put in charge of the brown shirts?

A

Ernst Rohm

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37
Q

What did Hitler change the name of the German workers’ party to?

A

National Socialist German Workers’ Party

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38
Q

When were the lean years?

A

1924 to 1928

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39
Q

Why did the Nazis have limited support during the lean years?

A

Stresseman was chancellor
- increased support for Weimar
- economy was strong

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40
Q

What were some successes of the lean years?

A

mein kampf
1928 ; 100,000 members
1924 election ; 32 seats
SS set up

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41
Q

What were the SS?

A

black shirts
personal bodyguards to Hitler

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42
Q

Who was in charge of the SS?

A

Heinrich Himmler

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43
Q

How many members did the Nazi party have in 1928?

A

100,000

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44
Q

How many seats did the Nazis get in the Reichstag in 1924?

A

32 seats

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45
Q

What were some failures of the nazi party during the lean years?

A

Hitler in prison
little support
1928 election ; 12 seats

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46
Q

How many seats did the Nazi party get in the Reichstag in the 1928 election?

A

12 seats

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47
Q

What were the short term causes to the Munich Putsch?

A

invasion of Ruhr
hyperinflation

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48
Q

What were the medium term causes to the Munich Putsch?

A

Mussolini took Rome in 1922
stab in back payment
support from Bavarian government

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49
Q

How did the Bavarian government support the Nazis?

A

turned a blind eye to violence

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50
Q

How did the support of the Bavarian government benefit the Nazis?

A

50,000 members in november 1923

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51
Q

How many members did the Nazis have in november 1923?

A

50,000

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52
Q

What were the long term causes to the Munich Putsch?

A

hatred for Weimar

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53
Q

What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch?

A

Hitler arrested
32 seats in 1924

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54
Q

How long was Hitler sentenced for treason?

A

5 years

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55
Q

What was Hitler put in prison for after the Munich Putsch?

A

treason

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56
Q

How long did Hitler serve for treason?

A

9 months

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57
Q

Where was Hitler put in prison?

A

landensberg prison

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58
Q

What did Hitler use his trial to do?

A

spread ideologies

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59
Q

Why did Hitler choose to do the Munich Putsch?

A
  • inspired by Mussolini
  • pressure gov
  • gain support
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60
Q

When did Mussolini take Rome?

A

1922

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61
Q

What was relevant about the timing of the Munich Putsch?

A

hyperinflation
Stresseman had called off passive resistance - looks as if surrendering to French

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62
Q

What does the word ‘Putsch’ mean?

A

attack

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63
Q

How many Nazis were involved in the Munich Putsch?

A

3000 nazis

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64
Q

How many storm troopers were involved in the Munich Putsch?

A

600 stormtroopers

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65
Q

Who was Von Kahr?

A

Bavarian state leader

66
Q

Who was Von Seisser?

A

head of Bavarian police

67
Q

Who was Von Lossow?

A

head of Germany army in Bavaria

68
Q

Who was Lundendorf?

A

senior army general from WWI

69
Q

What were Hitler and the nazis met by in the Munich Pustch?

A

armed police

70
Q

Why were Hitler and the nazis met by armed police in the Munich Pustch?

A

Von Seisser and Von Lossow organised armed police

71
Q

Who went back on their word in the Munich Putsch?

A

Von Seisser and Von Lossow

72
Q

How many nazis were killed in the Munich Putsch?

A

16 nazis killed

73
Q

How many police were killed in the Munich Putsch?

A

3 police killed

74
Q

What caused the Nazi party to grow?

A

The Great Depression
German discontent
appeal of Hitler
Fear of extremism
nazi structure

75
Q

Who supported the nazis?

A

farmers
women
upperclass
middleclass
youth

76
Q

Why did German discontent lead to growth of the Nazis?

A
  • Weimar unable to solve
  • looked to extremist parties because they had lost faith in democracy
77
Q

Why did the Nazi structure lead to growth of the Nazis?

A

Munich Putsch
beliefs
propganda
Hitler youth
SA

78
Q

Why did the appeal of Hitler lead to growth of the Nazis?

A

persuasive, convincing, trustworthy

79
Q

Why did the fear of extremism lead to growth of the Nazis?

A

communist revolution in Russian
could have happened

80
Q

Why did farmers vote for the Nazis?

A
  • Nazis promised higher crops for prices
  • opposed communists who would seize farms
81
Q

Why did women vote for the nazis?

A
  • motherhood gave role to women and improved status
  • Weimar culture had been a bad influence
82
Q

Why did the youth vote for the Nazis?

A
  • abolish ToV
  • many jobs promised
83
Q

Why did the middle class vote for the nazis?

A
  • feared communists
  • also feared break down of law and order - Nazi appeared organised
84
Q

Why did the upperclass vote for the nazis?

A
  • weapon making promised profit
  • fear communists would control factories
  • promised strong industrial country
85
Q

Why did the Munich Putsch lead to growth of the Nazis?

A

changed tactics
grew in popularity

86
Q

How did Hitler change tactics after the Munich Putsch?

A

win vote democratically
Nazis offices set up

87
Q

How many members of the SA were there in 1931?

A

100,000 members

88
Q

How many SA members were there in 1932?

A

400,000 members

89
Q

How did the Great Depression lead to growth of the Nazis?

A

public lost hope in Weimar
Jewish as scapegoat

90
Q

How did Nazi beliefs lead to growth of the Nazis?

A
  • 25 point programme
  • old age pensions increase
  • dictatorship ; royalists, nationalists
91
Q

How did propaganda lead to growth of the Nazis?

A

appeared organised amid chaos

92
Q

How did the Hitler Youth Organisation lead to growth of the Nazis?

A

control youth -> control future

93
Q

When did the Communist Revolution happen in Russia?

A

1917

94
Q

Who supported the Nazis as a result of the threat of a Communist Revolution?

A

middle and upper class
christians

95
Q

Why did the threat of a communist revolution cause christians to support the Nazis?

A

communists would ban religious institutions
-> nazis opposed communists

96
Q

Why did the threat of a communist revolution cause upper and middle class to support the Nazis?

A

communists would take control of businesses
-> nazis opposed communists

97
Q

What was the order of the Chancellors between 1932 and 1933?

A

Burning
Papen
Schleicher
Hitler

98
Q

What did Bruning do in April 1932?

A

banned SA and SS

99
Q

Why did Bruning ban SA and SS in April 1932?

A

control Nazis

100
Q

Who removed Bruning as as Chancellor?

A

Schleicher

101
Q

Why did Schleicher remove Bruning as Chancellor?

A

came into conflict

102
Q

How did Schleicher remove Bruning as Chancellor?

A

organised coalition to convince Hindenburg

103
Q

Who made up the coalition that Schleicher formed to remove Bruning?

A

landowners
army generals
industrialists

104
Q

Who did Scheilcher replace Burning with?

A

Von Papen

105
Q

When did Von Papen become Chancellor?

A

May 1932

106
Q

Who did Schleicher invite to the coalition in May 1932?

A

the Nazis

107
Q

Why did Schleicher invite the Nazis to the coalition?

A

believed he could control them

108
Q

When did Schliecher invite the Nazis to the coalition?

A

May 1932

109
Q

Why did Hitler demand he should be appointed the Chancellor after the July 1932 election?

A

biggest party in Reichstag

110
Q

How many seats did the Nazis get in the July 1932 election?

A

230 seats

111
Q

How many seats did the Nazis get in the November 1932 election?

A

196 seats

112
Q

Why did Papen call for the November 1932 election?

A

hoped Nazis would fall but they remained biggest party

113
Q

Why did Papen resign after the November 1932 election?

A

had no support in the Reichstag

114
Q

How many business tycoons signed a letter asked for Hitler as Chancellor?

A

39 business tycoons

115
Q

When did Hindenburg appoint Schleicher as Chancellor?

A

December 1932

116
Q

What did Schleicher ask Hindenburg for?

A

suspension of constitution and to be head of military

117
Q

Why did Schleicher ask for suspension of constituion and to be head of the military?

A

Hitler and Papen were conspiring against him

118
Q

Why did Schleicher lose all remaining support in Reichstag?

A

plan to become head of military and to suspend constitution was leaked

119
Q

What did Papen tell Hindenburg they could do if Hitler was Chancellor?

A

make all decisions

120
Q

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

30th January 1933

121
Q

How did Hindenburg feel about Hitler?

A

he hated him

122
Q

How did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

democratically and legally

123
Q

Who was Von Hindenburg?

A

President of Weimar Germany

124
Q

What did Hindenburg do to undermine Republic?

A

used Article 48 and governed by decree

125
Q

How did Papen and Schleicher undermine the Republic?

A

wanted to move away from elections and have country run by land owners and indsutrialists

126
Q

Who underestimated Hitler?

A

Papen, Schleicher, Hindenburg

127
Q

Who was vice chancellor with Hitler?

A

Papen

128
Q

How did Hitler’s role as Chancellor allow him to become Furher?

A
  • controlled police and newspapers
  • arranged March 1933 election
129
Q

How did the Reichstag Fire allow Hitler to become Furher?

A
  • Van der Lubbe arrested
  • protection of people and state
130
Q

When did the Reichstag fire happen?

A

a week before voting in March 1933 election

131
Q

Who was arrested for the Reichstag fire?

A

Van der Lubbe

132
Q

How did the protection of people and state allow Hitler to become Furher?

A
  • Hitler could arrest unconditionally
  • banned Communist newspapers + campaigns
133
Q

Why did Hindenburg agree to the Protection of People and State?

A

threat of Communist overthrowing Weimar

134
Q

How many communists were jailed as a result of the Protection of People and State?

A

4000 communists jailed

135
Q

Who did Hitler convince to join the Nazis in March 1933?

A

Centre Party

136
Q

How did Hitler achieve a majority in the Reichstag to vote for the Enabling Law?

A

joined Centre Party with Nazis

137
Q

How many votes were to and against the Enabling Law?

A

444 for
94 against

138
Q

How did the Enabling Law allow Hitler to become Furher?

A

did not have to consult Reichstag for 4 years

139
Q

What caused the Nazi Revolution?

A

Enabling Law

140
Q

What was the Nazi Revolution?

A

6 month rapid change as a result of Enabling Law

141
Q

What did the Enabling Law mean Hitler could do?

A

pass laws quickly and easily

142
Q

In the nazi era, how many times did the Reichstag meet?

A

12 times in 11 years

143
Q

How did Hitler’s new powers as Chancellor allow him to become Furher?

A
  • banned trade unions and political parties
  • replaced Lander gov with Nazis
  • made first concentration camp
  • set up Gestapo
144
Q

What did Hitler’s banning of trade unions mean for workers?

A

striking became illegal
no one to represent them

145
Q

Where did Hitler set up the first concentration camp?

A

Dachau

146
Q

When did Hitler set up the first concentration camp?

A

April 1933

147
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

30th June 1934

148
Q

What caused the Night of the Long Knives?

A
  • threatened by Ernst Rohm
  • German army disliked SA
  • believed violent behaviour no longer appropiate
149
Q

Why did the German army dislike the SA?

A
  • Rohm spoke of merging the 2
  • SA outnumbered army
150
Q

Who carried out the Night of the Long Knives?

A

SS (blackshirts)

151
Q

How many were executed for treason on the Night of the Long Knives?

A

77 men

152
Q

How many SA members were killed on the Night of the Long Knives?

A

200 SA members killed

153
Q

How many were killed on the Night of the Long Knives?

A

400 men killed

154
Q

What was the aim of the Night of the Long Knives?

A

remove opposition to Hitler

155
Q

Give an example of a political leader killed as part of the Night of the Long Knives

A

Von Schleicher

156
Q

Give an example of a SA leader killed as part of the Night of the Long Knives

A

Ernst Rohm
-> shot in prison cell after he refused to commit suicide

157
Q

How did the death of Hindenburg allow Hitler to become Furher?

A

letters found stating Hindenburg wanted Hitler to succeed him

158
Q

How did Hitler get support of army?

A

oath of loyalty personally to Hitler

159
Q

When was the vote held to decide if Hitler was wanted as Furher?

A

19th of August 1934

160
Q

How many people agreed Hitler should be Furher?

A

90% agreed

161
Q

What began as Hitler became Furher?

A

third reich began

AQA History GERMANY (3 decks)

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