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Introduction To Communication Mid-term Exam > Chapter 3 - The Evolution Of Communication Theory > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - The Evolution Of Communication Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of model

A

Theoretical and simplified representation of the real world

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2
Q

What are the functions of model?

A

Helps examine the nature and understand the fundamentals

Helps identify the core concepts of communication theory

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3
Q

What are the elements of Aristotle’s model?

A

Speaker - Argument - Speech - Listener

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4
Q

What is speaker called in Aristotle’s model?

A

Orator

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5
Q

What are the three goals of Aristotle’s model?

A

Inspire positive image of him/herself
Encourage the audience to be receptive to the message
To persuade

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6
Q

Which model says communication is primarily a verbal activity?

A

Aristotle’s model

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7
Q

What is the communication flow of Aristotle’s model?

A

one way

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8
Q

When was Lasswell’s model published?

A

1948

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9
Q

“Who says what to whom in what channel with what effect.”

A

Lasswell

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10
Q

What are the elements of Lasswell’s model?

A

Who (speaker) - What (message) - Channel (or medium) - Whom (audience or listener) - Effect

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11
Q

Lasswell’s model was influenced by?

A

The area of political propaganda

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12
Q

What is the communication flow of Lasswell’s model?

A

One way

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13
Q

Outcomes and effect of Lasswell’s model are?

A

Various

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14
Q

Who was Claude Shannon?

A

A telecommunication engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories

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15
Q

Who interpreted Shannon’s concept of communication?

A

Warren Weaver

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16
Q

When was “The Rhetoric” by Aristotle published?

A

330 B.C

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17
Q

How many books are there in “The Rhetoric”?

A

Three

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18
Q

What does book I of “The Rhetoric” focus on?

A

The means of persuasion

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19
Q

Book I of “The Rhetoric” contains

A

Ethos (the nature of the source)
Pathos (the emotion of the audience)
Logos (the nature of the message presented by the source to the audience)

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20
Q

The Book II of “The Rhetoric” examines

A

The nature of the audience and how the speaker can evoke an audience’s emotions.
Demographic factors influence how a message is perceived

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21
Q

The Book III of “The Rhetoric” emphasizes

A

How a message is constructed and gives little attention to delivery

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22
Q

What are the elements of Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

Information source - Transmitter - Channel (under: Noise source) - Receiver - Destination

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23
Q

Shannon and Weaver’s model was built under the principles of

A

engineering, physics, math

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24
Q

Shannon and Weaver’s model of communication was introduced in the book

A

“The mathematical theory of communication”

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25
Q

What has Shannon and Weaver’s model become the basis of?

A

Information theory

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26
Q

“Communication include(s) all the procedures by which one mind may affect another. This, of course, involves not only written and oral speech, but also music, the pictorial arts, the theatre, the ballet, and in fact all human behavior”

A

Shannon and Weaver’s model

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27
Q

What is information source in Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

Brain that selects the message correctly

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28
Q

What is transmitter in Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

It changes a message into a signal

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29
Q

What is receiver in Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

It receives signal

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30
Q

What is destination in Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

Brain

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31
Q

What is feedback in Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

Information from source received back by the source

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32
Q

What is the communication flow of Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

One way (with feedback)

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33
Q

Level / effectiveness of communication

according to Weaver:

A

Technique
Semantic (relating to meaning in language)
Effect

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34
Q

What is noise in Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

Any distortion that interferes with the signal transmission

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35
Q

What are the ways of overcoming noise in Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

Increasing the power of signal
Directing the signal more precisely
Add more signals
Redundancy (repetition)

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36
Q

Schramm’s model 1 is created when and by whom?

A

1954 by Wilbur Schramm

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37
Q

Which model is Schramm’s model 1 based on?

A

Shannon’s model

38
Q

What is the communication flow of Schramm’s model 1?

A

One way

39
Q

What are the elements of Schramm’s model 1?

A

Source - Encoder - Signal - Decoder - Destination

40
Q

What are the elements of Schramm’s model 2?

A

Source - Encoder - Signal - Decoder - Destination - FIELD OF EXPERIENCE

41
Q

According to Schramm’s model 2, communication is

A

A purposeful effort to establish “commonness” between a source and receiver

42
Q

According to Schramm’s model 2, the word communication derived from Latin word

A

Communis

43
Q

According to Schramm’s model 2, what are the examples of field of experience?

A

Language, culture

44
Q

What is the communication flow of Schramm’s model 2?

A

One way

45
Q

What does feedback tell us in Schramm’s model 3?

A

Tells us how our messages are being

interpreted

46
Q

What are the elements of Schramm’s model 3?

A

Decoder - Interpreter - Encoder - Message - Decoder - Interpreter - Encoder - Message… (It circulates)

47
Q

What is the communication flow of Schramm’s model 3?

A

Circular

48
Q

What does interpreter do in Schramm’s model 3?

A

Converts messages into language

49
Q

What do Encoder and Decoder do in Schramm’s model 3?

A

Converts messages into codes

50
Q

What are the elements of Westley and MacLean’s model?

A

X(s) - A - C - B - Feedback

51
Q

When and by whom was Westley and MacLean’s model created?

A

Bruce Westely and Malcolm S. Maclean in 1957

52
Q

According to Westley and MacLean’s model, communication process begins with

A

Receiving messages rather than sending messages

53
Q

What are X, A, C, B in Westley and MacLean’s model?

A

X: signals
A: reporter
C: editor
B: audience

54
Q

In Westley and MacLean’s model signals may have

A

Modalities

55
Q

Westley and MacLean’s model is considered … than other models.

A

More complex

56
Q

Communication process of Westley and MacLean’s model involves

A

Interpersonal communication and mass communication

57
Q

Westley and MacLean’s model is primarily used for

A

Showing the process of mass communication or communication in media organization

58
Q

Involving unintentional messages or non

purposive messages

A

Westley and MacLean’s model

59
Q

Does Westley and MacLean’s model recognize feedback?

A

Yes

60
Q

What is the communication flow of Westley and MacLean’s model?

A

Circular (with feedback)

61
Q

What are the elements of Katz and Lazarsfeld’s model

A

Source - Message - Mass Media - Opinion Leaders - Public

62
Q

Two - step flow

A

Katz and Lazarsfeld’s model

63
Q

Katz and Lazarsfeld’s model was published in

A

1955

64
Q

What is Katz and Lazarsfeld’s book?

A

Personal Influence

65
Q

What was Katz and Lazarsfeld’s book based on?

A

Based on the research that information through media cannot reach and give direct impact on individuals
Individual is influenced by the opinion leader

66
Q

What are the elements of Berlo’s model?

A

Source (communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, culture) - Message (elements, structure) - Channel (seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, tasting) - Receiver (communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, culture)

67
Q

When was Berlo’s model published?

A

1960

68
Q

What’s the title of Berlo’s model book?

A

The Process of Communication

69
Q

What was the inspiration of Berlo’s model?

A

Aristotle’s idea about the main elements

70
Q

What is the starting point of Berlo’s model?

A

Human’s five senses

71
Q

Berlo is the first person to suggest that

A

communication is a process

72
Q

Who said “Meanings are in people, not in words”?

A

Berlo

73
Q

Berlo’s model sees not only information transmission, but also…

A

Information interpretation

74
Q

What are the elements of Dance’s model?

A

Time

75
Q

When was Dance’s model published?

A

1967

76
Q

According to Dance’s model, communication is?

A

A complex and evolutionary process

77
Q

What is the communication flow of Dance’s model?

A

Helical-spiral

78
Q

Every communication act builds on the previous communication experiences of all parties involved

A

Dance’s model

79
Q

According to Dance’s model, communication process is similar to all … that include … interrelated with the …

A

Social processes, elements, continuously changing environment

80
Q

Dance’s model is dynamic which means

A

Changing process at all times

81
Q

What are the elements of Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson’s model?

A

Person A, Message, Person B ZIG-ZAG

82
Q

In what book and what year was Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson’s model published?

A

Pragmatic of Human Communication (1967)

83
Q

According to Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson’s model, communication is viewed based on

A

Psychiatric study and therapy

84
Q

According to Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson’s model, communication is

A

An ongoing, cumulative activity

85
Q

Individuals function alternatively as sources and receivers

A

Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson’s model

86
Q

What are the significant communication behaviors in Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson’s model?

A

Verbal, non-verbal, intentional, unintentional

87
Q

Communication flow of Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson’s model?

A

Two way

88
Q

What is the axiom of Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson’s model?

A

“One cannot not communicate”

89
Q

What are the elements of Gamble & Gamble’s model?

A 
Context/Environment
Person A, Person B
Noise
A's field of experience
B's field of experience
Shared field of experience
Message/Channel
Feedback
90
Q

What is the communication flow of Gamble & Gamble’s model?

A

Transactional

91
Q

Communication is a “continuous circle”

A

Gamble & Gamble’s model

92
Q

Can one or more channels be used in Gable & Gamble’s model?

A

Yes

Introduction To Communication Mid-term Exam (3 decks)

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