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BIology 2311 Test 1 > Chapter 3: The Chemical building blocks of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 3: The Chemical building blocks of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Consist of carbon and hydrogen

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2
Q

Enantiomers

A

Mirror image molecules

Chiral

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3
Q

Polymer

A

Built by linking monomers

Nucleic Acids

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4
Q

Monomer

A

Small, similar chemical subunits

Nucleotides

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5
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Removal of water

Monomers are joined to form polymers

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6
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Addition of water

Polymers are broken down to monomers

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7
Q

Purines

A

Adenine and guanine

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8
Q

Pyrimides

A

Thymine, cytosine, and uracil

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9
Q

DNA

A

Encodes information for amino acid sequence of proteins
Double Helix
Contains deoxyribose

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10
Q

RNA

A

Contains ribose
Single polynucleotide strand
Uses information in DNA to specify sequence of amino acids in proteins.

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11
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

Primary energy currency of the cell

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12
Q

NAD+ and FAD+

A

Electron carriers for many cellular reactions

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13
Q

Protein functions

A
  1. Enzyme catalysis
  2. Defense
  3. Transport
  4. Support
  5. Motion
  6. Regulation
  7. Storage
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14
Q

Amino acid structure

A 
Central carbon atom
Amino group
Carboxyl group
Single hydrogen
Variable R group
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15
Q

Primary structure

A

Sequence of amino acids

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16
Q

Secondary structure

A

Interaction of groups in the peptide backbone

17
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Final folded shape of a globular protein
Stabilized by a number of forces
Final level of structure of proteins consisting of only a single polypeptide chain

18
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Arrangement of individual chains (subunits) in a protein with 2 or more polypeptide chains

19
Q

Motifs

A

Common elements of secondary structure seen in many polypeptides

20
Q

Domains

A

Functional units within a larger structure

21
Q

Chaperones

A

Help protein fold correctly

22
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Deficiencies in chaperone proteins

Hereditary disorder

23
Q

Denaturation

A 
Protein loses structure and function
Due to environmental conditions
-pH
-Temperature
-Ionic concentration of solution
24
Q

Lipids

A

Insoluble in water

Fats, oils, waxes, and even more vitamins

25
Q

Triglycerides

A

Composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

26
Q

Fatty acids

A

Need not to be identical

Chain length varies

27
Q

Saturated

A

No double bonds between carbon atoms

Higher melting point, animal origin

28
Q

Unsaturated

A

1 or more double bonds

Low melting point, plant origin

29
Q

Phospholipids

A

Composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

Form all biological membranes

30
Q

Micelles

A

Lipid molecules orient with polar head toward water and nonpolar tails away from water.

31
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

More complicated structure where 2 layers form
Hydrophilic heads point outward
Hydrophobic tails point inward toward each other

BIology 2311 Test 1 (3 decks)

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