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BIology 2311 Test 1 > Chapter 2: The Nature of Molecules > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Nature of Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are atoms made of?

A

All atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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2
Q

What determines the atomic number?

A

The number of protons

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3
Q

What determines the atomic mass?

A

The sum of the protons and neutrons

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4
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of an element that possess a different number of NEUTRONS.

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5
Q

Radioactive isotopes

A

The decay into elements of lower atomic number

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6
Q

What does half-life refer to?

A

The amount of time necessary to decay half the atoms of a given sample.

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7
Q

Ions

A

Atoms in which the number of protons and electrons differ.

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8
Q

Cation

A

Protons > Electrons

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9
Q

Anion

A

Electrons > Protons

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10
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of an electron

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11
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of an electron

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12
Q

Molecule

A

A group of atoms held together by energy in a stable association.

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13
Q

Compound

A

Composes of two or more different types of atoms.

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14
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Formed because ions of opposite charge attract one another.

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15
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

Formed when two or more atoms share pairs of valence electrons.

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16
Q

Nonpoloar Covalent bonds

A

Electrons are shared equally between atoms

17
Q

Polar Covalent bonds

A

Electrons are not shared equally and there is a partial electronegative charge near one atom and a partial positive charge near the other atom.

18
Q

List the Bonds and interactions in order from strongest to weakest

A

Covalent > Ionic > Hydrogen > Hydrophobic > Van der Waals

19
Q

Catalyst

A

Increases rate of reaction
Lowers activation energy
Does not participate in reaction

20
Q

Hydrophillic

A

Likes water

21
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Hates water

22
Q

Buffer in human blood

A

Carbonic acid and bicarbonate

BIology 2311 Test 1 (3 decks)

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