Chapter 3: The Chemical Building Blacks Of Life

Question 1

Carboxyl

Answer 1

Found in proteins, lipids

Question 2

Sulfhydryl

Answer 2

Found in proteins

Question 3

Amino

Answer 3

Found in proteins, nucleic acids

Question 4

Phosphate

Answer 4

Found in nucleic acids

Question 5

Methyl

Answer 5

Found in proteins

Question 6

Carbonyl

Answer 6

Found in carbohydrates, nucleic acids

Question 7

Hydroxyl

Answer 7

Found in Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

Question 8

Isomers

Answer 8

Molecules with the same molecular or empirical formula

Question 9

Stereoisomers

Answer 9

Differ in how groups are attached

Question 10

Enantiomers

Answer 10

Mirror image molecules
Chiral
D-sugars and L-amino acids

Question 11

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 11

Formulation of large molecules by the removal of water

Monomers are joined to form polymers

Question 12

Hydrolysis

Answer 12

Breakdown of large molecules by the addition of water

Polymers are broken down to monomers

Question 13

Monosaccharides

Answer 13

Simplest carbohydrate

Question 14

Disaccharides

Answer 14

2 monosaccharides linked together by dehydration synthesis

Used for sugar transport or energy storage

Ex sucrose lactose maltose

Question 15

Polysaccharides

Answer 15

Long chains of monosaccharides
-linked through dehydration synthesis

Energy storage

Structural support

Question 16

Nucleic acids

Answer 16

Polymer- nucleic acids

Monomers- nucleotides

Question 17

Isotope

Answer 17

Diff number of neutrons

Question 18

Ion

Answer 18

Unequal number of electrons and protons

Question 19

Isomer

Answer 19

Compounds with same formula but diff arrangement of atoms

Question 20

Chaperones

Answer 20

Help protein fold correctly

Question 21

Motif

Answer 21

Seen in polypeptides

Determines the function of unknown proteins

Question 22

Domain

Answer 22

Functional unit within larger structure

Most proteins made of multiple domains that perform different parts of the proteins function

Question 23

4 levels of structure

Answer 23

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Question 24

Protein functions:

Answer 24

Enzyme catalyst 
Defense
Transport
Support
Motion
Regulation
Storage