Chapter 3- The Cell

Question 1

What are the 3 essential parts of a cell

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

Question 2

intracellular fluid

Answer 2

Within the cell and cytosol to hold organelles in place

Question 3

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 3

Includes interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

Interstitial fluid

Answer 4

Fluid in tissues that bathes all of our cells and has endless major roles to play. Includes amino acids sugars fatty acids regulatory substances and wastes

Question 5

Plasma Membrane

Answer 5

Selectively permeable
Passive transport- no energy is required (simple, facilitated, osmosis) molecules move down their concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion- carrier molecules ( glucose, amino acids, ions) help move large or non- lipid soluble or polar molecules across
Active transport- requires ATP
Lipid soluble and no polar substances can pass through
Ver small molecules can pass through (O CO2 steroid hormones fatty acids)

Speed of Diffusion influenced by 3 factors
Concentration
Molecular Size
Temperature

Question 6

Active Transport

Answer 6

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversely with the transported substances movie solutes against a concentration gradient through use of energy (ATP)

Question 7

Endocytosis

Answer 7

Begins with a coated pit- an in folding of the membrane. Coated pits have a protein coating on the cytoplasmic face that deforms the membrane to produce the vesicle.
Bring in bulk solids most macromolecules and fluids into the cell

Question 8

Exocytosis

Answer 8

Vesicular transport that eject substances from cell interior to the extracellular fluid

Question 9

Simple diffusion

Answer 9

Net movement of molecules down their concentration gradient from higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 10

Hypertonic

Answer 10

Cells lose water by osmosis and shrink any hypertonic solution contains a higher concentration of non-penetrating solutes than are present inside the cell

Question 11

Isotonic solution

Answer 11

Cells retain their normal size and shape in isotonic solution same solute/water concentration as inside cells water moves in and out

Question 12

Hypotonic solution‘s

Answer 12

Cells take on water by osmosis until you become bloated and burst (lyse) in a hypertonic solution contains a lower concentration of non-penetrating solutes that are present inside cells

Question 13

Active Transport

Answer 13

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transport substance requiring energy (ATP)

Question 14

Passive transport

Answer 14

Movement from high to low concentration down or movement down or along a concentration gradient
Simple diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis

Question 15

3 main components of the cell membrane

Answer 15

Lipids (phospholipids, cholesterol)
Proteins
Carbohydrates

Question 16

Hydrophobic

Answer 16

Water fearing molecules

Question 17

Hydrophilic

Answer 17

Water loving molecules

Question 18

Amphipathic molecules

Answer 18

are chemical compounds that have both polar and nonpolar regions, giving them both hydrophilic (water-loving) and lipophilic (fat-loving) properties.

Phospholipid in cell membrane

Question 19

Phospholipid Bi-layer

Answer 19

Phospholipid polar heads face outward and phospholipid non polar tails face in ward. Create this bilayer of phospholipids to have a spherical structure, reseal themselves if torn, rarely flip flop pr move one half of the bilayer to the other half

Question 20

Mitochondria

Answer 20

They are the power plant of a cell, providing most of the ATP supply. The density of mitochondria in a particular cell reflects that cells energy requirements, and mitochondria generally clusters where the action is. Busy cells like kidney and liver cells have hundreds of mitochondria whereas relatively inactive cells have just a few

Question 21

Ribosomes

Answer 21

Composed of proteins in ribosomal RNA are having to go globular subunits that are sites of protein synthesis

Question 22

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

Rough ER: extra surface stopped with ribosomes. It’s ribosomes manufacture all proteins to create from selves. For this reason the rough ER is particularly abundant and well developed in most secretory cells, antibody- producing immune cells and liver cells which produce most blood proteins.
It also is the cells membrane factory where integral proteins and phospholipids that form part of all cellular membranes are manufactured

Soft ER: it’s enzymes metabolize lipids synthesize cholesterol and phospholipids and synthesize lipid components of Lipo proteins
Synthesize steroid based hormones such as sex hormones
Breakdown stored glycogen to form free glucose (liver cells especially)
Store calcium ions in most cell types( skeletal and cardiac muscles)

Question 23

Golgi apparatus

Answer 23

The principal traffic director for cellular proteins. It’s major function is to modify concentrate and package the proteins and lipids made at the rough ER in Destin for export from the cell

Question 24

Lysosomes

Answer 24

Spiracle membranous organelles containing activated hydrolytic enzymes. Abundant in phagocytes the cells that dispose of invading bacteria and cell debris. Work best in acidic condition

Question 25

Cytoskeleton

Answer 25

An elaborate network of rods running through the cytosol and hundreds of accessory proteins that link the rods to other cell structures

Question 26

Centrosome and centrioles

Answer 26

The sale center of which acts as a microtubule organizing center Containing paired centrioles with your small bell shaped organelles oriented at right angles to each other

Question 27

Nucleus

Answer 27

The control center of the cell containing genetic information

Question 28

Interphase

Answer 28

Period from cell formation to cell division

G1 phase: The cells is metabolically active synthesizing proteins rapidly in growing vigorously

S phase: DNA is replicated ensuring that the two future cells being created will receive identical copies of the genetic information

G2 phase: enzymes and other proteins needed for division or synthesized and move to the proper sites. Cell is ready to divide

Question 29

Mitosis

Answer 29

The division of the nucleus is the series of events that Parcels out the replicated DNA of the parents cell to two daughter cells described as four phases prophase metaphase anaphase and telophase