Chapter 3 Test

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

Group of cells with similar structure and function

Question 2

Types of epithelium and where they’re located

Answer 2

Simple squamous- lines body cavities, forms membranes.
Simple cuboidal- common in glands, forms walls of KIDNEY TUBLES, covered the ovaries, DUCTS.
Simple columnar- lines G.I tract/digestive tract
Pseudo stratified- respiratory tract
Stratified squamous- skin, mouth, esophagus. High FRICTION area
Transitional epithelium- lines organs of the urinary system (bladder)

Question 3

Characteristics of epithelium

Answer 3

• cells fit closely together
• tissue layer always has one free surface
• basement membrane
• AVASCULAR (little blood supply)
• regenerate easily if well nourished

Question 4

Characteristics of connective tissue

Answer 4

• variations in blood supply (VASCULAR & AVASCULAR)
• extensive extracellular matrix (extra space btwn. cells)
• non-living material that surrounds living cells

Question 5

What two things make up the extracellar matrix?

Answer 5

Ground substance- mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules

Question 6

Three types of fibers in connective tissue matrix?

Answer 6

Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers

Question 7

Types of connective tissue

Answer 7

Bone (osseous tissue)- supports & protects
Hyaline cartilage- ends of long bones, most common (fetal skeleton)
Elastic cartilage- flexible (ex: external ear & “wrong pipe” tube
Fibrocartilage- highly compressible and tough (ex: cushion like disks between vertebrae
Dense connective tissue: tendons and ligaments
Areolar connective tissue: between skin & muscle (can soak up extra fluid)
Adipose tissue: fat globules (insulates body, protects organs)
Reticular connective: forms stroma of lymphnoid organs (ex: in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow)
Blood- blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix (plasma)

Question 8

3 Types of muscle tissue

Answer 8

Skeletal- voluntary, striated, more than 1 nucleus (the only voluntary of the 3)

Cardiac- intercalated disks, striated, 1 nucleus, involuntary

Smooth- involuntary, hollow organs, not striated, one nucleus per cell.

Question 9

Nervous tissue and its function

Answer 9

Neurons and nerve support cells.
IRRITABILITY- respond to stimulus
CONDUCTIVITY- transmit an impulse

Question 10

Tissue repair stages

Answer 10

1. Capillaries become permeable to allow clotting proteins, antibodies, WBC’s to wall off injured areas
2. Granulation tissue (scab)
3. Epithelium formation (regeneration of new tissue)

Question 11

Regeneration

Answer 11

Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

Question 12

Fibrosis

Answer 12

Replaced by dense connective tissue (scarring)