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Geography Gr.9 > Chapter 3 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural Vegetation

A

Plants that grow without any human interference

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2
Q

Maritime Climate

A

climate of areas near an ocean. The annual temprature range is small and precipitation is high.

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3
Q

Annual temprature range

A

the difference between the average temperatures of the hottest and coldest months in a year

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4
Q

Continental Climate

A

climate of areas far from an ocean. The annual temperature range is large and precipitation is low .

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5
Q

Climate graph

A

a chart that shows the average yearly temperature and precipitation for a specific location.

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6
Q

Soil profile

A

the three different layers that exist in the soil beneath the surface of the ground

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7
Q

Wet climate soils

A

soils that develop where leaching is the dominant soil-forming process

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8
Q

Dry climate soils

A

soils that develop where calcification is the dominant soil forming process

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9
Q

Which of the following is not typical of maritime climates?

A

Convectional precipitation

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10
Q

Which of the following wind belts/pressure systems is likely to have the greatest impact on most of Canada?

A

westerlies

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11
Q

Which of the following is not a climate region of Canada?

A

southeastern boreal

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12
Q

Soil develops from a thick layer of

A

parent material

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13
Q

Tundra soils drain poorly and are waterlogged because

A

the permafrost does not allow the water to drain downward

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14
Q

The most northerly vegetation region of Canada

A

Tundra

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15
Q

The vegetation region that is considered a transition zone between boreal and deciduous forest.

A

mixed forest

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16
Q

The smallest vegetation region in Canada.

A

Deciduous Forest

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17
Q

Only a small part of Canada’s deciduous forest remains because

A

it has been cleared for farming and urban growth

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18
Q

The type of vegetation found in a warm, dry climate.

A

grasses

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19
Q

The wettest vegetation region in Canada.

A

West coast forest

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20
Q

An air mass originating over an ocean contains a considerable amount of

A

moisture

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21
Q

Air moving along the surface of the Earth

A

wind

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22
Q

The wettest side of a mountain barrier

A

windward

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23
Q

Soil at the top of a soil profile that is rich in organic materials

A

Topsoil/A Horizon

24
Q

Plants that grow without any human interference

A

Natural vegetaion

25
Q

In this vegetation region, small shrubs, mosses, and lichens grow close to the surface where they soak up as much heat as possible in a short growing season

A

Tundra

26
Q

The largest vegetation region in Canada

A

Boreal & Taiga Forest

27
Q

A characteristic that allows coniferous trees to grow in harsh conditions

A

Sticky sap that acts as an antifrezze that prevents the needles from freezing

28
Q

Sugar maple, beech, hickory, and poplar trees are

A

Deciduous/Hardwood

29
Q

The forest that is found only in southwestern Ontario

A

Deciduous Forest

30
Q

A region with a mix of trees and grasslands

A

Parkland

31
Q

Heavy rainfall on the west coast produces

A

Temprate Rainforest

32
Q

Decomposition of organic material beneath the surface of the ground results in the release of

A

Methane

33
Q

Distance from the _________________ is a key (but not the only) factor in determining whether a region has a hot or cold climate.

A

equator

34
Q

The temperature of an ___________________ affects the temperature of the air that passes over it.

A

ocean current

35
Q

An ____________________ is a large volume of air that takes on the climate conditions of the area where it is formed.

A

air mass

36
Q

_____________________ is the name given to the prevailing wind belt that affects Canada north of 60°N.

A

Polar Easterlies

37
Q

As air rises, it expands because of the lower ____________________.

A

air pressure

38
Q

In southern Canada, the __________________ side of mountains or large ranges of hills is where rain shadow conditions are most likely to develop.

A

leeward

39
Q

__________________ precipitation is most responsible for the large amount of precipitation received on the coast of British Columbia.

A

Relief

39
Q

You can identify a leached soil by its greyish, often thin, ____________________ horizon.

A

A

40
Q

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are ____________________ needed by plants for growth.

A

nutrients

40
Q

____________________ vegetation refers to those plants that grow without any human interference.

A

Natural

41
Q

The ____________________ separates the tundra from the boreal forest.

A

tree line

42
Q

Permanently frozen soil is called ____________________.

A

Permafrost

43
Q

____________________ trees have characteristics that make them well-suited to areas with poor-quality soils and cold temperatures.

A

Coniferous

44
Q

What simple phrase helps you to remember the factors that affect climate?

A

LOWER Near Water

45
Q

What does that simple phrase mean

A

Latitude
Ocean currents
Winds and air masses
Elevation
Relief
Near water

46
Q

How does Latitude affect climate

A

The farther you are from the equator, the less direct the sunlight you receive and the colder it is. This is beacuse if earths is a sphere. At the equator the solar radiation is hitting the ground at almost a 90 degree angle. Near the poles the radiation is hitting the ground at ~23.5 degrees. Because of this the radiation is more dispersed acorss the land , and since its less concentrated the heating power is significatnly reduced. Thats why the farther away you are from the equator the colder it tends to get.

47
Q

How does Elevation affect climate

A

Higher elevations are generally cooler than lower elevations. This is because there’s less air above you at higher elevations, which causes the air pressure to decrease. As the air pressure drops, the air molecules spread out and the temperature decreases. On average, the temperature drops by about 0.6°C for every 100 meters increase in elevation.

48
Q

How does Near water affect climate.

A

Water’s high heat capacity means it warms and cools more slowly than the atmosphere. This results in more moderate temperatures near water, with fewer extreme highs and lows. For example, coastal areas have “maritime” climates(a small annual tempratue range), while inland areas have “continental” climates(a big annual temprature range).

Evaporation from the ocean creates rain clouds, which are then carried by trade winds to land. The tropics are particularly rainy because of the high amount of heat absorption and evaporation in that region. An example is the rainy and wet maritime climates and the dry continental climates.

49
Q

What is a name for Coniferous trees

A

softwood

50
Q

Coniferous tree examples

A

white spruce, black spruce, red pine, white pine

51
Q

How are Boreal Forest Soils

A

Acidic

52
Q

Decidous forest soils

A

fertile

53
Q

Mixed forest soils

A

rich in the south

Geography Gr.9 (6 decks)

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