Chapter 3 - Terminology

Question 1

3 purposes of the assessment

Answer 1

1. Evaluative measures are used to determine change over time or change as result of intervention
2. Predictive measures are used to help identify children who will have delays in future or to predict the outcome of delay
3. Discriminative measure are used to distinguish between children who have a delay, impairment, functional limitation, or atypical development and those who do not

Question 2

6 Criteria for Evaluating a screening test that can be applied to any assessment test

Answer 2

1. Acceptability
2. Simplicity
3. Cost
4. Appropriateness
5. Reliability
6. Validity

Question 3

Define Acceptability

Answer 3

Acceptance to all who will be affected by the test, including children and families screened, professionals who receive resulting referrals and community.

Question 4

Define Simplicity

Answer 4

Ease by which a test can be taught, learned, and administered

Question 5

Define Cost

Answer 5

Actual cost of equipment, preparation, and payment of personnel, cost of inaccurate results, personal costs to the person being screened, and total cost of test in relation to benefits of early detection

Question 6

Define Appropriateness

Answer 6

Prevalence of the problem to be screened and on the applicability of the test to the particular population

Question 7

Define Reliability

Answer 7

Consistency between measurements

Question 8

Define Validity

Answer 8

Extent to which a test measures what it purports to measure

Question 9

Define Age-equivalent score

Answer 9

Mean chronologic age represented by a certain test score; useful for developmentally delay children

Question 10

Define Criterion-referenced test

Answer 10

Scores are interpreted on the basis of absolute criteria (# of items answered correctly) rather than on relative criteria; used to measure person’s mastery of a set of behavioral objectives

Question 11

Define Developmental quotient

Answer 11

Ratio between child’s actual score (developmental age) on a test and child’s chronological age

Question 12

Define Norm-referenced/standardized test

Answer 12

Normative values as standards for interpreting individual test scores; make comparison bt particular child and “norm” or “average” of group of children

Question 13

Define Percentile Score

Answer 13

Indicates the number of children for the same age or grade level who would be expected to score lower than the child tested

Question 14

Define Raw Score

Answer 14

total of individual items that are passed or correct on a particular test

Question 15

Define Reliability

Answer 15

consistency or repeat-ability to measurements in a series

Question 16

Define Interobserver reliability

Answer 16

describes relationship bt items passed and failed or % of agreement bt 2 independent observers; index of whether two different testers obtain same score on a test

Question 17

Define Test-retest reliability

Answer 17

Relationship of person’s score on first administration of the test to the score on the second administration; types of reliability determines whether the same or similar scores are achieved when the test is repeated under identical conditions

Question 18

Define Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)

Answer 18

Measure of reliability that indicates precision of an individual test score; gives estimate of margin of error

Question 19

Define Standard Scores

Answer 19

Expressed as deviations or variations from mean score for a group. (SD-standard deviation)

Question 20

Define Validity

Answer 20

Indication of the extent to which a test measures what it purports to measure

Question 21

Define Construct Validity

Answer 21

Examination of the theory or hypothetical constructs underlying the test

Question 22

Define Content validity

Answer 22

Assess the appropriateness of the test or how well the content of the test samples that subject matter or behaviors about which conclusions must be drawn

Question 23

Define Concurrent validity

Answer 23

Relates the performance on the test to performance on another well-known and accepted test that measures the same knowledge or behavior

Question 24

Define Predictive validity

Answer 24

Means child’s performance on test predicts some actual behavior

Question 25

Define Sensitivity

Answer 25

Ability of a test to identify correctly those who actually have a disorder; High sensitivity results in a few false-negative scores

Question 26

Define Specificity

Answer 26

Ability of the test to identify correctly those who do not have the disorder. High specificity results in few false-positive scores

Question 27

Define Positive predictive value

Answer 27

Proportion of true positive among all those who have positive results

Question 28

Define Negative predictive value

Answer 28

Proportion of true negatives among all those who have negative screening results