Chapter 3 - Terminology Flashcards
3 purposes of the assessment
- Evaluative measures are used to determine change over time or change as result of intervention
- Predictive measures are used to help identify children who will have delays in future or to predict the outcome of delay
- Discriminative measure are used to distinguish between children who have a delay, impairment, functional limitation, or atypical development and those who do not
6 Criteria for Evaluating a screening test that can be applied to any assessment test
- Acceptability
- Simplicity
- Cost
- Appropriateness
- Reliability
- Validity
Define Acceptability
Acceptance to all who will be affected by the test, including children and families screened, professionals who receive resulting referrals and community.
Define Simplicity
Ease by which a test can be taught, learned, and administered
Define Cost
Actual cost of equipment, preparation, and payment of personnel, cost of inaccurate results, personal costs to the person being screened, and total cost of test in relation to benefits of early detection
Define Appropriateness
Prevalence of the problem to be screened and on the applicability of the test to the particular population
Define Reliability
Consistency between measurements
Define Validity
Extent to which a test measures what it purports to measure
Define Age-equivalent score
Mean chronologic age represented by a certain test score; useful for developmentally delay children
Define Criterion-referenced test
Scores are interpreted on the basis of absolute criteria (# of items answered correctly) rather than on relative criteria; used to measure person’s mastery of a set of behavioral objectives
Define Developmental quotient
Ratio between child’s actual score (developmental age) on a test and child’s chronological age
Define Norm-referenced/standardized test
Normative values as standards for interpreting individual test scores; make comparison bt particular child and “norm” or “average” of group of children
Define Percentile Score
Indicates the number of children for the same age or grade level who would be expected to score lower than the child tested
Define Raw Score
total of individual items that are passed or correct on a particular test
Define Reliability
consistency or repeat-ability to measurements in a series
Define Interobserver reliability
describes relationship bt items passed and failed or % of agreement bt 2 independent observers; index of whether two different testers obtain same score on a test
Define Test-retest reliability
Relationship of person’s score on first administration of the test to the score on the second administration; types of reliability determines whether the same or similar scores are achieved when the test is repeated under identical conditions
Define Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)
Measure of reliability that indicates precision of an individual test score; gives estimate of margin of error
Define Standard Scores
Expressed as deviations or variations from mean score for a group. (SD-standard deviation)
Define Validity
Indication of the extent to which a test measures what it purports to measure
Define Construct Validity
Examination of the theory or hypothetical constructs underlying the test
Define Content validity
Assess the appropriateness of the test or how well the content of the test samples that subject matter or behaviors about which conclusions must be drawn
Define Concurrent validity
Relates the performance on the test to performance on another well-known and accepted test that measures the same knowledge or behavior
Define Predictive validity
Means child’s performance on test predicts some actual behavior
Define Sensitivity
Ability of a test to identify correctly those who actually have a disorder; High sensitivity results in a few false-negative scores
Define Specificity
Ability of the test to identify correctly those who do not have the disorder. High specificity results in few false-positive scores
Define Positive predictive value
Proportion of true positive among all those who have positive results
Define Negative predictive value
Proportion of true negatives among all those who have negative screening results
