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Computing > Chapter 3 - System Architecture > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - System Architecture Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hardware

A

A component with physical presence

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2
Q

what is an example of hardware

A
  • printer
  • hard-drive
  • mouse
  • monitor
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3
Q

What is software

A

Programs that control the hardware

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4
Q

What is an example of software

A
  • Operating System
  • Word Processors
  • Games
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5
Q

How does a simple computer system function

A

Input -> Process -> Output

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6
Q

What happens at the input stage of a simple computer system

A

Where input data that is converted into the computer’s internal representation. This is done by the input devices like keyboard and mouse

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7
Q

What does the control unit do?

A
  1. Controls and monitors the hardware (e.g. Printer)
  2. Controls the input and output of data so that the signals go to the right place at the right time
  3. Controls the flow of data in the CPU
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8
Q

What does the Arithmetic and Logic Unit do?

A
  1. Arithmetic part – performs calculations on the data

2. Logic part – deals with logic and comparisons (e.g. Is one value greater than another)

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9
Q

What does Immediate Access Storage do?

A

This holds the data and instructions needed by the control unit.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the CPU?

A

The main purpose of the CPU is to fetch, decode and execute tasks and the CPU cycles through this pattern.

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11
Q

What are some processing tasks of the CPU?

A

Processing task involve: searching, sorting, calculations, making decisions.

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12
Q

What is secondary storage, and why is it useful?

A

Anything that stores data other than in temporary storage (RAM). This is useful as RAM is volatile so this can be used as a back-up

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13
Q

What can secondary storage also be known as?

A

External memory, auxiliary storage

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14
Q

What are the main uses of secondary storage?

A 
Storing programs and data
Backing up data
Adding additional storage 
Transferring files between computers 
Shared network storage
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15
Q

Give examples of places where magnetic secondary storage is used?

A

Disks

Tapes

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16
Q

Explain magnetic secondary storage?

A

Stores it magnetically, depending on which way it’s positioned it will represent a 1 or a 0

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17
Q

Give examples of places where optical storage is used?

A

CD
DVD
blue-ray disks

18
Q

What is optical storage?

A

Used the reflection of a laser to see if it is a 1 or a 0

19
Q

Give examples of where solid state storage is used?

A

USB

Flash card

20
Q

What is solid state storage?

A

Stores data in an electric circuit

21
Q

What is a bus?

A

A bus is simply a set of wires along which data can be transmitted.

22
Q

What does an address bus carry?

A

An internal channel from the CPU to memory across which the addresses of data (not the data) are transmitted

23
Q

What does a data bus carry?

A

An internal channel that carries data between a computer’s central processing unit and its random-access memory.

24
Q

What does a control bus carry?

A

The control bus carries commands from the CPU and returns status signals from the devices.

25
Q

What is Von Neumann Architecture?

A

Von Neumann architecture is when there is one central memory store that holds two things:
The Instruction
The Data

26
Q

What does the FETCH command do?

A

The CPU fetches the data from its location.

27
Q

What does the DECODE command do?

A

The CPU has its individual command set and it uses this to work out what data is being used.

28
Q

What does the EXECUTE command do?

A

The instruction is carried out.

29
Q

What is meant by direct access?

A

The exact file can be accessed directly without having to read any other files

30
Q

What is meant by sequential access?

A

Each bit of data needs to be read before the required data is located

31
Q

Give an advantage of a magnetic disk

A

Rewritable

32
Q

Give a disadvantage of a magnetic disk

A

Easily damaged
Low storage capacity
Noisy

33
Q

Give an advantage of magnetic tape

A

Large storage capacity for the size of the tape

34
Q

Give a disadvantage of magnetic tape

A

Not very durable

Needs to be protected

35
Q

Give an advantage of optical storage

A

Quite long lasting

Portable

36
Q

Give a disadvantage of optical storage

A

Expensive
Only readable
Easily scratched

37
Q

Give an advantage of a solid state disk

A

Fast start up time
Silent
Durable

38
Q

Give a disadvantage of a solid state disk

A

Expensive
Limited storage capacity
Information can only be erased and written about 100,000 times

39
Q

Give an advantage of a USB pen drive

A

Durable

Portable

40
Q

Give a disadvantage of a USB pen drive

A

Easy to lose

Computing (5 decks)

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