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Computing > Chapter 1 - Fundamentals of Data Representation > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Fundamentals of Data Representation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is needed to convert a file size from bytes to kb or kb to mb?

A

Divide by 1024

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2
Q

What is lossless compression?

A

A form of compression that preserves data so that no data is lost. Every bit is retained

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3
Q

What image file is lossless?

A

PNG, GIF

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4
Q

What is bit rate?

A

The amount of bits that are processed per second

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5
Q

What is lossy compression?

A

A loss in data and a loss of quality from the original. parts of the file are deleted selectively

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6
Q

What is an advantage of a higher bit depth?

A

A higher sample rate, therefore a higher quality sound.

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7
Q

what happens when a bitmap image is enlarged?

A

it becomes pixilated as it gets bigger

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8
Q

Name an advantage of Vector images

A

1) Uses less storage

2) Better zoom quality (not pixilated)

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9
Q

How do you find the colour depth?

A

2^n

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10
Q

What effect will a lower sample rate have?

A

The quality will be lower

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11
Q

How do you figure out how many bit combinations to get the full English keyboard (ASCCI)?

A

2^n

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12
Q

What is the bit depth definition in regards to sound?

A

The amount of bits assigned to represent a sample.

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13
Q

How do you find bits used using ASCII (7 bit)

A

total characters * 7 (7 bit)

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14
Q

How many bytes in a terabyte (tB)?

A

1000000000000 10^12 bytes

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15
Q

What is index colour?

A

A colour which has been assigned to a binary number and then pulled from the pallet

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16
Q

Name two vector file types

A

AI, SVG, SWF

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17
Q

Name two bitmap file types

A

GIF, PNG, JPEG, BMP

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18
Q

What could a binary pattern represent?

A

On/off

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19
Q

What bit depth is described as CD?

A

16

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20
Q

What is the conversion method of Analouge to Digital sound waves?

A

This happens as a sound is recorded, goes into a converter (Analogue to Digital converter – ADC) and then changes to a Digital. At regular intervals, the sound will be recorded. At each measured point at the wave there will be a binary number that stores the sound.

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21
Q

What is resolution?

A

The concentration of pixels (cells) in an image after it has been split

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22
Q

What numbers are the control characters in ASCCI?

A

0-31 are characters like tab, enter and escape.

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23
Q

What process must happen for a sound to be played back through speakers?

A

Conversion process

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24
Q

How do you convert to hexadecimal?

A

Split the 8 bit binary number into two 4 bit numbers, you then you convert judging on the number headings. If your number reaches above 9 then take down a letter (A-F for 10-15). Do this on both sides, your answer should look like this: B6

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25
Q

What is needed in a device for the conversion process to occur?

A

sound card

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26
Q

What colour depth is described as true colour?

A

24

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27
Q

What is an analogue sound wave?

A

A sound that is played, recorded and played back without loosing any data

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28
Q

What is a sample rate?

A

The sample rate is the number of samples carried per second.

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29
Q

What is a sample?

A

A value or a set of values at a certain point in time.

30
Q

How many combinations are needed for ASCCI?

A

128 as there is only 110 characters

31
Q

How can fffffffuuuuuuuuuuuu be represented?

A

f7u12

32
Q

How many bytes in a megabyte (mB)

A

1000000 bytes or 1000 kB

33
Q

What is a nibble?

A

4 binary bits

34
Q

How is the resolution of an image measured?

A

DPI (dots per inch)

PPI (Pixels per inch)

35
Q

What is sample rate measured in?

A

It is measured in Hz or kHz.

36
Q

Why is a digital sound wave less accurate?

A

A digital representation is less accurate as it only takes a recording at a certain interval meaning it misses out on parts of the sound.

37
Q

What audio file is lossy?

A

MP3, MP4, OGG

38
Q

What is the amplitude?

A

The height of the wave. It determines how high or low the pitch is.

39
Q

What is standard bit rate for CD quality?

A

1,411,200

40
Q

What is a right shift?

A

It is like dividing a deanery number by 10?

41
Q

What is metadata?

A

Additional information about the images resolution. This can change the orientation

42
Q

What is a byte?

A

8 binary bits

43
Q

What is a disadvantage of a higher bit rate?

A

Takes up more space

44
Q

What base is hexadecimal?

A

Base 16

45
Q

What is hexadecimal used for?

A

Error codes

46
Q

What is the process of sampling a sound called

A

Sampling

47
Q

How many bytes is in a kilobyte (kB)?

A

1000 bytes

48
Q

What is the equation for bit rate?

A

Bit depth * sample rate * number of channels (Answer in BPS)

49
Q

What is a disadvantage of a higher bit depth?

A

This creates a higher sampling rate which requires more space.

50
Q

Name an advantage of Bitmap images

A

1) Quicker to create an image

2) Used widly

51
Q

What is 243 in binary?

A

11110011

52
Q

What is MSB (most significant but)

A

The biggest number in the binary headings bit that can fit into the number your converting.

53
Q

Name a disadvantage of Vector Images

A

1) Can not be edited at the same level of bitmap images
2) Have to write a draw list
3) Lacks photo realistic qualities

54
Q

What image file is lossy?

A

JPG

55
Q

What is an advantage of a higher bit rate?

A

1) Higher bit rate has a clearer sound playback (better quality)
2) More accurate audio

56
Q

Name a disadvantage of Bitmap Images

A

1) Large file size
2) Must be rectangular
3) Pixilated when zoomed in

57
Q

What is direct colour?

A

A colour got form a combination of RGB. Every colour can be made from this.

58
Q

What is 243 in hexadecimal?

A

F3

59
Q

What audio file is lossless?

A

FLAC, ALAC

60
Q

What is the formula to find the file size of a bitmap image?

A

Length * width * dpi * dpi *bit depth / 8 (for bytes)

61
Q

What does the LSB show on binary?

A

If the number is odd or even

62
Q

What is a left shift?

A

It is like multiplying a number by 10.

63
Q

Why do we use binary

A

It’s easy as there is only two possible answers, yes or no.

64
Q

What is compression?

A

Compression is the method computers use to make files smaller by reducing the number of bits used to store the information.

65
Q

What is a pixel?

A

A small part of an image which can be changed by using binary and a different number or cominations

66
Q

What is a vector image?

A

An image made up of mathematical sequences and commands. They are sizeable and drawn of a drawing list.

67
Q

What is LSB (least significant bit)

A

The smallest possible but, 1

68
Q

What base is binary?

A

Base 2

69
Q

What are bitmap images formed of?

A

Pixles

70
Q

How do you convert from gigabytes to megabytes?

A

Multiply by 1024

Computing (5 decks)

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