Chapter 1 - Fundamentals of Data Representation Flashcards
Suck me hard boiiiiiiii
What is needed to convert a file size from bytes to kb or kb to mb?
Divide by 1024
What is lossless compression?
A form of compression that preserves data so that no data is lost. Every bit is retained
What image file is lossless?
PNG, GIF
What is bit rate?
The amount of bits that are processed per second
What is lossy compression?
A loss in data and a loss of quality from the original. parts of the file are deleted selectively
What is an advantage of a higher bit depth?
A higher sample rate, therefore a higher quality sound.
what happens when a bitmap image is enlarged?
it becomes pixilated as it gets bigger
Name an advantage of Vector images
1) Uses less storage
2) Better zoom quality (not pixilated)
How do you find the colour depth?
2^n
What effect will a lower sample rate have?
The quality will be lower
How do you figure out how many bit combinations to get the full English keyboard (ASCCI)?
2^n
What is the bit depth definition in regards to sound?
The amount of bits assigned to represent a sample.
How do you find bits used using ASCII (7 bit)
total characters * 7 (7 bit)
How many bytes in a terabyte (tB)?
1000000000000 10^12 bytes
What is index colour?
A colour which has been assigned to a binary number and then pulled from the pallet
Name two vector file types
AI, SVG, SWF
Name two bitmap file types
GIF, PNG, JPEG, BMP
What could a binary pattern represent?
On/off
What bit depth is described as CD?
16
What is the conversion method of Analouge to Digital sound waves?
This happens as a sound is recorded, goes into a converter (Analogue to Digital converter – ADC) and then changes to a Digital. At regular intervals, the sound will be recorded. At each measured point at the wave there will be a binary number that stores the sound.
What is resolution?
The concentration of pixels (cells) in an image after it has been split
What numbers are the control characters in ASCCI?
0-31 are characters like tab, enter and escape.
What process must happen for a sound to be played back through speakers?
Conversion process
How do you convert to hexadecimal?
Split the 8 bit binary number into two 4 bit numbers, you then you convert judging on the number headings. If your number reaches above 9 then take down a letter (A-F for 10-15). Do this on both sides, your answer should look like this: B6
What is needed in a device for the conversion process to occur?
sound card
What colour depth is described as true colour?
24
What is an analogue sound wave?
A sound that is played, recorded and played back without loosing any data
What is a sample rate?
The sample rate is the number of samples carried per second.
What is a sample?
A value or a set of values at a certain point in time.
How many combinations are needed for ASCCI?
128 as there is only 110 characters
How can fffffffuuuuuuuuuuuu be represented?
f7u12
How many bytes in a megabyte (mB)
1000000 bytes or 1000 kB
What is a nibble?
4 binary bits
How is the resolution of an image measured?
DPI (dots per inch)
PPI (Pixels per inch)
What is sample rate measured in?
It is measured in Hz or kHz.
Why is a digital sound wave less accurate?
A digital representation is less accurate as it only takes a recording at a certain interval meaning it misses out on parts of the sound.
What audio file is lossy?
MP3, MP4, OGG
What is the amplitude?
The height of the wave. It determines how high or low the pitch is.
What is standard bit rate for CD quality?
1,411,200
What is a right shift?
It is like dividing a deanery number by 10?
What is metadata?
Additional information about the images resolution. This can change the orientation
What is a byte?
8 binary bits
What is a disadvantage of a higher bit rate?
Takes up more space
What base is hexadecimal?
Base 16
What is hexadecimal used for?
Error codes
What is the process of sampling a sound called
Sampling
How many bytes is in a kilobyte (kB)?
1000 bytes
What is the equation for bit rate?
Bit depth * sample rate * number of channels (Answer in BPS)
What is a disadvantage of a higher bit depth?
This creates a higher sampling rate which requires more space.
Name an advantage of Bitmap images
1) Quicker to create an image
2) Used widly
What is 243 in binary?
11110011
What is MSB (most significant but)
The biggest number in the binary headings bit that can fit into the number your converting.
Name a disadvantage of Vector Images
1) Can not be edited at the same level of bitmap images
2) Have to write a draw list
3) Lacks photo realistic qualities
What image file is lossy?
JPG
What is an advantage of a higher bit rate?
1) Higher bit rate has a clearer sound playback (better quality)
2) More accurate audio
Name a disadvantage of Bitmap Images
1) Large file size
2) Must be rectangular
3) Pixilated when zoomed in
What is direct colour?
A colour got form a combination of RGB. Every colour can be made from this.
What is 243 in hexadecimal?
F3
What audio file is lossless?
FLAC, ALAC
What is the formula to find the file size of a bitmap image?
Length * width * dpi * dpi *bit depth / 8 (for bytes)
What does the LSB show on binary?
If the number is odd or even
What is a left shift?
It is like multiplying a number by 10.
Why do we use binary
It’s easy as there is only two possible answers, yes or no.
What is compression?
Compression is the method computers use to make files smaller by reducing the number of bits used to store the information.
What is a pixel?
A small part of an image which can be changed by using binary and a different number or cominations
What is a vector image?
An image made up of mathematical sequences and commands. They are sizeable and drawn of a drawing list.
What is LSB (least significant bit)
The smallest possible but, 1
What base is binary?
Base 2
What are bitmap images formed of?
Pixles
How do you convert from gigabytes to megabytes?
Multiply by 1024
