Chapter 3 Study Guide Flashcards
What is water’s basic structure?
An oxygen atom bonded with two hydrogen atoms with polar covalent bonds
What makes water polar
oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen which creates an unequal pull on the shared electrons
What are the partial positive and partial negative regions of a water molecule
The oxygen is partially negative and the two hydrogens are slightly positive
What is hydrogen bonding
the partial positive regions of the hydrogens of a molecule form weak attractions between the partial negative oxygens or other atoms in a molecule
What is cohesion
Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules
What is adhesion
hydrogen bonds between h20 and a surface (eg. water in tree roots)
Hydrophobic
The substance is non-polar or mostly non-polar and therefore won’t dissolve in water
Hydrophylic
The substance is polar or an ionic compound and will dissolve in water
What is specific heat?
the amount of thermal energy that must be absorbed or relased to change the temperature of 1g of that substance by 1 degree Celscius
What is water’s specific heat?
1 cal/g/C (High specific heat)
How does water’s high specific heat impact temperature (Seattle vs Spokane)
The water that surrounds Seattle can absorb or release energy without significantly changing the temperature of the water which allows the large bodies of water to regulate temperature of the surrounding regions
What is a hydration shell?
Where an ionic compound is dissolved in water. Each ion is surrounded by water molecules
What happens in a hydration shell when the ion is positive
the oxygen atom of the water molecules will face the ion
What happens in a hydration shell when the ion is negative
hydrogen atoms of the water molecules will face the ion
What is the solute
dissolved substance (sugar)
what is the solvent
dissolving agent (water)
What is the molar mass
Mass of all the atoms in a molecule (g/mol)
what is molarity
A measure of concentration that describes the number of moles of solute that are present within a liter of solution (mols per liter)
What is an acid?
a substance that donates or produces H+ (Protons) in solution
what is a base?
a substance that accepts H or produces OH- in solution
What is a strong acid/base
completely dissociates
what is a weak acid/base
partially dissociates
How can you tell if a molecule is more soluble
the more polar the more soluble
What will happen when a base is added
an increase in OH- concentration
What will happen when an acid is added
an increase in H3O+
