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Hematology > Chapter 3 - Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

Hema/Haima means ____ and Logos means ____

A

Blood

Study/Science

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2
Q

Give atleast 1 function of blood.

A 
Respiration
Nutritional
Buffering action (pH-7.4)
Body temperature
Defense
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3
Q

Give atleast 2 characteristic of blood

A

Fluid (In Vivo)
Red
Slightly Alkaline
Sp. gravity - 1.055

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4
Q

Composition of blood?

A

Liquid - Plasma/Serum
Solid - hemocytes (wbc,rbc,platelet)
Gas - O2, CO2

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5
Q

What is the difference between Plasma and Serum?

A

Plasma contains fibrinogen and anticoagulant while the Serum doesn’t contain anticoagulant

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6
Q

What are the 3 stages of lab testing?

A

Pre-analytical phase, analytical phase and postanalytical phase.

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7
Q

Collection, processing and storage is part of what stage in lab testing?

A

Preanalytical phase

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8
Q

Test, control and calibration are part of the ____ phase.

A

Analytical phase

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9
Q

Result processing is part of what stage in lab testing?

A

Post analytical

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10
Q

Posture affects the ____, ____ and ___ test values which makes the result INCREASE.

A

Lipids, enzyme and protein

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11
Q

Diurnal rythm affects what test values? Decrease in _____ and _____ while
Increase in _____

A

Dec. - cortisol and adrenocorticotrophoc hotmone

Inc - eosinophil count

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12
Q

Stress - and anxiety can increase the test value in?

A

Wbc count

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13
Q

Exercise can increase what test value?

A

Platelet and Wbc count

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14
Q

Smoking may “falsely” increase…

A

Wbc and cortisol levels

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15
Q

Diet/Fasting requires no food or beverages except water for _____ hours before blood draw. Failure to commit affects the serum or plasma making it appear _____

A

8-12 hours.

Lipemic (turbid).

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16
Q

What is the most important practice to prevent the spread of infectious disease?

A

Handwashing ✋🏼

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17
Q

Contaminated sharps and infectious wastes should be places in ______?

A

Puncture-resistant containers

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18
Q

Tourniquet should be applied __-__ inches above the venipuncture site and left on for no longer than ___ minute

A

2 - 4 inches

1 minute

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19
Q

What additive in collection tubes that inhibits the use of glucose by blood cells?

A

Antiglycolytic agent

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20
Q

What additive in collection tubes that prevent blood from clotting?

A

Anticoagulant agent

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21
Q

What additive in collection tubes helps the initiation or enhance the clotting mechanism?

A

Clot activator

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22
Q

What additive in collection tubes that undergoes a temporary change in viscosity during centrifugation process, which enables to separate liquid and cells

A

Separator gel

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23
Q

The smaller the gauge number the smaller the bore. True or false?

A

False. Gauge number and bore is relatively inverse.

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24
Q

What is the most common size for adult venipuncture?

A

21 gauge (with a length of 1 inch)

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25
Q

It is an intravenous device that consist of a short needle and a thin tube with attached plastic wings

A

Winged infusion sets or butterflies

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26
Q

Yellow tube contains what additive?

A

Sodium polyanethol sulfate

27
Q

Light blue / blue contains what additive?

A

Sodium citrate

28
Q

Red tube contains a _____ additive

A

Clot activator and gel

29
Q

Green tube contains? (2)

A

Sodium heparin and lithium heparin

30
Q

Lavender top contains what additive?

A

EDTA or Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

31
Q

Gray tube contains?

A

Potassium oxalate/Sodium flouride

32
Q

Most common skin cleanser is?

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

33
Q

The vein of choice in performing venipuncture is the?

A

Median cubital vein

34
Q

The most important step in phlebotomy is?

A

Identifying the patient

35
Q

The needle should be inserted into the arm with the bevel facing ____.

A

Up

36
Q

What is the proper angle of needle insertion for phlebotomy?

A

15 to 30 degrees

37
Q

What are the acceptable sites for skin puncture on infants?

A

Lateral or medial surface of the bottom of the heel

38
Q

CLSI stands for

A

Clinical and laboratory standards institute

39
Q

What is the correct ratio in coagulant to blood?

A

1:9

40
Q

What is the correct gauge to be used in children and infants?

A

23 gauge or 25 gauge

41
Q

What is the most common complication encountered in blood collection?

A

Ecchymosis

42
Q

Second most common complication encountered in blood collection?

A

Syncope (fainting)

43
Q

Leakage of large amount of blood around the puncture site is called?

A

Hematoma

44
Q

Small red spots indicates small amount of blood escaped into the skin epithelium, it is called?

A

Petechiae

45
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular space of the tissues is called?

A

Edema

46
Q

In intravenous therapy the ____ arm with the iv line should be used. If there is no alternative blood should be drawn ____ the catheter site and stop the infusion for ___ minutes and ___ ml of blood should be drawn for discard

A

Opposite
Below
2 mins
5 ml

47
Q

Leaving the tourniquet on the patient’s arm for too long may caused

A

Hemoconcentration

48
Q

Rupture of RBC’s with the consequent escape of hemoglobin is called

A

Hemolysis

49
Q

In skin puncture the puncture should be __ mm deep

A

2

50
Q

More than 2mm deep in skin puncture may cause

A

Bome injury and (infection) osteomyelitis

51
Q

Skin puncture is performed in these patients (4)

A

Newborns, adult (severly burned), pediatric patients younger than 2 yrs old and elderly patients with fragile vein

52
Q

For older children and adults the puncture site in skin puncture is?

A

Palmar surface of the distal region of the third or fourth finger (rec- third)

53
Q

2 methods im venipuncture?

A

Syringe and Vacutainer

54
Q

Gauge 21 is for?

A

Adults

55
Q

Gauge 22 is for?

A

Adults (more ideal than 21)

56
Q

23 gauge is for?

A

Fragile vein (children)

57
Q

25 gauge is for?

A

Neonates and premature infant

58
Q

16 gauge are used in

A

Donating blood

59
Q

Parts of the needle and uses (4)

A

Point - provides smooth entry
Bevel - angle at the tip of the needle ^
Lumen - needle hole opening
Shaft - needle length and gauge

60
Q

In processing and testing of specimens - WBC, HCT, PLT, CTS and ESR can be determined within ___ hours after blood is collected in EDTA

A

24 hours

61
Q

Peripheral blood smear can be made within ___-___ hours from blood stain

A

2-3 hours

62
Q

Neutrophil and monocytes are the ____ to storage in EDTA, where as lymphocytes are the _____

A

Most cell sensitive

Most stable

63
Q

OSHA stands for

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Hematology (3 decks)

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