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Hematology > Chapter 3 - Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

Hema/Haima means ____ and Logos means ____

A

Blood

Study/Science

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2
Q

Give atleast 1 function of blood.

A 
Respiration
Nutritional
Buffering action (pH-7.4)
Body temperature
Defense
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3
Q

Give atleast 2 characteristic of blood

A

Fluid (In Vivo)
Red
Slightly Alkaline
Sp. gravity - 1.055

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4
Q

Composition of blood?

A

Liquid - Plasma/Serum
Solid - hemocytes (wbc,rbc,platelet)
Gas - O2, CO2

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5
Q

What is the difference between Plasma and Serum?

A

Plasma contains fibrinogen and anticoagulant while the Serum doesn’t contain anticoagulant

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6
Q

What are the 3 stages of lab testing?

A

Pre-analytical phase, analytical phase and postanalytical phase.

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7
Q

Collection, processing and storage is part of what stage in lab testing?

A

Preanalytical phase

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8
Q

Test, control and calibration are part of the ____ phase.

A

Analytical phase

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9
Q

Result processing is part of what stage in lab testing?

A

Post analytical

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10
Q

Posture affects the ____, ____ and ___ test values which makes the result INCREASE.

A

Lipids, enzyme and protein

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11
Q

Diurnal rythm affects what test values? Decrease in _____ and _____ while
Increase in _____

A

Dec. - cortisol and adrenocorticotrophoc hotmone

Inc - eosinophil count

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12
Q

Stress - and anxiety can increase the test value in?

A

Wbc count

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13
Q

Exercise can increase what test value?

A

Platelet and Wbc count

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14
Q

Smoking may “falsely” increase…

A

Wbc and cortisol levels

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15
Q

Diet/Fasting requires no food or beverages except water for _____ hours before blood draw. Failure to commit affects the serum or plasma making it appear _____

A

8-12 hours.

Lipemic (turbid).

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16
Q

What is the most important practice to prevent the spread of infectious disease?

A

Handwashing ✋🏼

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17
Q

Contaminated sharps and infectious wastes should be places in ______?

A

Puncture-resistant containers

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18
Q

Tourniquet should be applied __-__ inches above the venipuncture site and left on for no longer than ___ minute

A

2 - 4 inches

1 minute

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19
Q

What additive in collection tubes that inhibits the use of glucose by blood cells?

A

Antiglycolytic agent

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20
Q

What additive in collection tubes that prevent blood from clotting?

A

Anticoagulant agent

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21
Q

What additive in collection tubes helps the initiation or enhance the clotting mechanism?

A

Clot activator

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22
Q

What additive in collection tubes that undergoes a temporary change in viscosity during centrifugation process, which enables to separate liquid and cells

A

Separator gel

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23
Q

The smaller the gauge number the smaller the bore. True or false?

A

False. Gauge number and bore is relatively inverse.

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24
Q

What is the most common size for adult venipuncture?

A

21 gauge (with a length of 1 inch)

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25
It is an intravenous device that consist of a short needle and a thin tube with attached plastic wings
Winged infusion sets or butterflies
26
Yellow tube contains what additive?
Sodium polyanethol sulfate
27
Light blue / blue contains what additive?
Sodium citrate
28
Red tube contains a _____ additive
Clot activator and gel
29
Green tube contains? (2)
Sodium heparin and lithium heparin
30
Lavender top contains what additive?
EDTA or Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
31
Gray tube contains?
Potassium oxalate/Sodium flouride
32
Most common skin cleanser is?
70% isopropyl alcohol
33
The vein of choice in performing venipuncture is the?
Median cubital vein
34
The most important step in phlebotomy is?
Identifying the patient
35
The needle should be inserted into the arm with the bevel facing ____.
Up
36
What is the proper angle of needle insertion for phlebotomy?
15 to 30 degrees
37
What are the acceptable sites for skin puncture on infants?
Lateral or medial surface of the bottom of the heel
38
CLSI stands for
Clinical and laboratory standards institute
39
What is the correct ratio in coagulant to blood?
1:9
40
What is the correct gauge to be used in children and infants?
23 gauge or 25 gauge
41
What is the most common complication encountered in blood collection?
Ecchymosis
42
Second most common complication encountered in blood collection?
Syncope (fainting)
43
Leakage of large amount of blood around the puncture site is called?
Hematoma
44
Small red spots indicates small amount of blood escaped into the skin epithelium, it is called?
Petechiae
45
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular space of the tissues is called?
Edema
46
In intravenous therapy the ____ arm with the iv line should be used. If there is no alternative blood should be drawn ____ the catheter site and stop the infusion for ___ minutes and ___ ml of blood should be drawn for discard
Opposite Below 2 mins 5 ml
47
Leaving the tourniquet on the patient's arm for too long may caused
Hemoconcentration
48
Rupture of RBC's with the consequent escape of hemoglobin is called
Hemolysis
49
In skin puncture the puncture should be __ mm deep
2
50
More than 2mm deep in skin puncture may cause
Bome injury and (infection) osteomyelitis
51
Skin puncture is performed in these patients (4)
Newborns, adult (severly burned), pediatric patients younger than 2 yrs old and elderly patients with fragile vein
52
For older children and adults the puncture site in skin puncture is?
Palmar surface of the distal region of the third or fourth finger (rec- third)
53
2 methods im venipuncture?
Syringe and Vacutainer
54
Gauge 21 is for?
Adults
55
Gauge 22 is for?
Adults (more ideal than 21)
56
23 gauge is for?
Fragile vein (children)
57
25 gauge is for?
Neonates and premature infant
58
16 gauge are used in
Donating blood
59
Parts of the needle and uses (4)
Point - provides smooth entry Bevel - angle at the tip of the needle ^ Lumen - needle hole opening Shaft - needle length and gauge
60
In processing and testing of specimens - WBC, HCT, PLT, CTS and ESR can be determined within ___ hours after blood is collected in EDTA
24 hours
61
Peripheral blood smear can be made within ___-___ hours from blood stain
2-3 hours
62
Neutrophil and monocytes are the ____ to storage in EDTA, where as lymphocytes are the _____
Most cell sensitive | Most stable
63
OSHA stands for
Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Hematology (3 decks)

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