Chapter 3 - Spanish, French, and Dutch Colonization Flashcards
1
Q
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
A
- Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille united Spain with their marriage
- Drove out the Moors, who were Muslims that took over the Iberian Peninsula.
- Patrons of Christopher Columbus
2
Q
Missions
A
- Run by a friar or priest
- Attempted to convert Native Americans
- Constructed a church in tribes, surrounded by a wall where locals could take shelter during attack from hostile tribes.
3
Q
Jesuits
A
- Founded by Ignatius Loyola
- Frances Xavier was another Jesuit leader
- Became the chief instrument for Catholic Counter-Reformation.
- Missionaries to the people of Central and South America.
- The Spanish Crown recalled the Jesuits after they became too independent.
4
Q
Encomiendas
A
- Privileges granted by the Spanish Crown as a method of organizing Native American labor.
- A way of keeping Creoles, purebred Spanish colonists, loyal to the crown.
- After Native American populations died out from European diseases, they were replaced by African slaves.
5
Q
Pope’s Rebellion
A
- Pueblo medicine man, Pope, started a rebellion against the Spanish crown.
- 1680, over 17,000 pueblo Native Americans reclaimed the Rio Grande River Valley.
- Spanish military forces returned and subjugated them.
6
Q
Council of the Indies
A
- Advisory body to the Spanish government.
- Revolutions removed the council in the nineteenth century.
7
Q
Viceroy
A
- Position in the Spanish government just below the Crown.
- The position of viceroy served as a model for stricter control over the colonies.
8
Q
Bartolome de las Casas
A
- A Dominican friar, priest, and scholar, who travelled back and forth between Spain and the New World during the 16th century.
- Lobbied Spanish Crown for reforms in the treatment of Native Americans.
- Attempted to create the first utopian community in the New World.
- People used his writings to justify African slavery to improve treatment of Native Americans.
9
Q
Junipero Serra
A
- A Franciscan Friar, priest, and scholar.
- Founded nine missions in what would become California.
- Used harsh treatment to resistance from Native Americans.
- Part of the reason for the collapse of the Spanish Elevator.
10
Q
Martin Luthor
A
- German priest, who launched the protestant reformation in 1517.
- Translated the bible into German.
11
Q
John Calvin
A
- Frenchman who joined the Protestant cause.
- Wrote, “Institutes of the Christian Religion”, which was the most thorough statement of the Protestant doctrine.
12
Q
Henry VIII of England
A
- Broke away from the catholic church when the Pope refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
- His daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, were responsible for a war between Spain and England in 1588, which resulted in the defeat of the Spanish Armada and English naval supremacy.
13
Q
Jacques Carter
A
- First French explorer of Canada
- Learned from Giovanni Verrazano, the Italian explorer first hired by the French.
- Went on three voyages and was responsible for naming Canada.
- 1534, sailed 1,000 miles up the St. Lawrence River.
14
Q
Samuel de Champlain
A
- Searched for the non-existant Northwest Passage
- Founded settlements in what would become Quebec and Montreal.
- Solidified French alliance with the Huron Indians against the Iroquois.
- Lived the rest of his life as governor of Montreal.
15
Q
Rene-Robert de la Salle
A
- Claimed the mouth of the Mississippi River for France.
- Named the delta region Louisiana and founded a colony there for France.
- Killed by a mutiny from his crew members after he was unable to find the Mississippi river again.
