Chapter 2 - Motives And methods Of European exploration Flashcards
1
Q
Bering Straight
A
- The stretch of ocean separating North America from Asia
- People migrated from Siberia to Alaska during the ice age, when seawaters lowered ten thousand years ago
- Eskimos and Aleuts crossed in boats
- Hawaiian islands were not populated until 300 A.D.
2
Q
Iroquois
A
- A confederacy of six separate Native American tribes centered around what would become New York.
- Consisted of Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Tuscarora tribes
- Fought against the Huron tribe centered around the Great Lakes
- Matriarchal society
- Allied with the British in the colonial wars of the eighteenth century.
3
Q
Vikings
A
- First Europeans to set foot in North America
- 700 A.D. viking ships were able to cross open ocean.
- Erik the Red settled Greenland in the late tenth century.
- Erik’s son, Leif Eriksson explored the east coast of Canada in what is today Newfoundland
- Archeological evidence was found in 1960s
- They called Native Americans Skraelings
4
Q
Cahokia
A
- archeological site of 120 sacred mounds
- largest city North of Mexico before European Colonization.
- 30,000-40,000 inhabitants disappeared without a trace.
- Cahokian society collapsed around 1300 A.D.
- showed the potential for Native Americans to produce a lasting civilization
5
Q
Crusades
A
- First launched by Pope Urban II in 1095 to take back Palestine from Muslim control
- Their failure resulted in the Europeans searching for a water route to India and China, which led to the discovery of the New World.
6
Q
Marco Polo
A
- a Venetian merchant, who at 17, accompanied his father along the silk road through Mongolia to China.
- Left in 1271 and returned 24 years later in 1295.
dictated a book called Discourse Concerning Various Experiences
-became a basis for maps to China - Inspired curiosity to find fast routes to China and India
7
Q
Amerigo Vespucci
A
- Born in 1454 in Florence.
- Went on three voyages and explored the coast of South America and the mouth of the Amazon River.
- Contracted Malaria on his third voyage and died in Spain in 1512
- Became the name basis for the word “America”
8
Q
Prince Henry the Navigator
A
- Born in 1394 as the third son of the King of Portugal
- along with his shipbuilders, invented the Caravel, which could go beyond the Mediterranean.
9
Q
Vasco de Gama
A
- Found a route around the tip of Africa to India.
- Returned in 1498, and established regular trade with Spice Islands and India.
- Named Viceroy of India, where he died in 1524.
10
Q
Christopher Columbus
A
- Genoese by Birth
- four voyages to the Western Hemisphere.
- opened up the Caribbean Sea and Central America to colonization by the Spanish.
- Fell out of favor with the Spanish Crown over mismanagement of Hispaniola.
- Died in 1506 in Spain, still trying to regain his prestige.
11
Q
Treaty of Tordesillas
A
- issued by corrupt Pope Alexander VI
- allowed Spain to possess any new lands discovered that did not already belong to a Christian nation.
- 1494, the boundary was extended west, giving Portugal access to Brazil.
- THis banned England, France, an the Netherlands from the new world, causing rivalry between European powers.
12
Q
Hernando Cortes
A
- 1519, landed and subdued two Native American tribes in Mexico.
- After Montezuma was killed by his own people, Cortes and his men destroyed the Aztec empire.
13
Q
Francisco Pizarro
A
- Responsible for the demise of the Inca Empire.
- Took Atahualpa, and Incan leader, captive, held him for ransom, and killed him anyways once the ransom was paid.
- conquered the rest of Peru afterwards.
- killed by his own men in 1541.
14
Q
Cabeza de Vaca
A
- One of four survivors of an expedition of over three hundred to explore Florida.
- Crossed the Gulf of Mexico on rafts.
- First European to see the Southwest
- Drew further expansion into what would become New Mexico.
- served as a provincial governor until he was deposed.
15
Q
Hernando de Soto
A
- First Spaniard to successfully explore Florida.
- landed in 1539 with over six hundred men and surveyed the entire Southeast.
- Discovered the Mississippi River, but died in 1542.
