Chapter 3. Solutions And Solubility Flashcards
How does ion charge effect solubility?
Compounds of ions with small charges tend to be soluble, compounds of ions with large charges tend to be insoluble.
Soluble and insoluble
It is important to know that no compound is 100% insoluble in water.
Soluble generally means that more than 1g of solute will dissolve in 100ml of water at room temperature.
Insoluble generally means that less than 0.1g per 100ml will dissolve.
How does ion size correspond with solubility?
The smaller the ion the less soluble it is. Ions tend to be smaller then their corresponding neutral atoms, non-metal ions tend to be larger then their corresponding neutral atom.
How to do net ionic equations
Write out the balanced reaction equation.
Then write out every compound by itself as elements or other compounds, except for the compound that forms the precipitate (on the product side), cross out the elements that don’t make the precipitate on both sides of the reaction.
Then write out everything that was not crossed off.
What are the properties of acids?
Tastes sour, conducts electricity in solution, has no characteristic feel, acids turn blue litmus paper red, reacts with active metals to produce hydrogen gas, reacts with carbonate compounds to produce carbon dioxide gas.
What are the properties of bases?
Tastes bitter, conducts electricity, feels slippery, turns red litmus blue, does not react with active metals or carbonate compounds.
What is Arrhenius theory of acids and bases?
An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce one or more hydrogen ions H+
A base is a substance that dissociates in water to form one or more hydroxide ions, OH-
Limitations:
1. The hydrogen atoms can’t be counted on their own, they will be attached to water (H3O).
2. Can’t explain that substances like salts contain carbonate ions also have basic properties.
3. Limited to acid-base reactions in water. Many reactions take place in other solvent.
Bronsted-Lowry theory of acid and bases
And acid is a substance from which a proton (H+ion) can be removed.
A base is a substance that can remove a proton (H+ion) from an acid.
Weak vs strong acid
An acid that’s almost completely dissociates in water is a strong acid.
And acid that slightly dissociates in water is a weak acid.
Monoprotic and diprotic acids
Monoprotic only has a single hydrogen atom that can dissociate.
Diprotic has two hydrogen atoms that can dissociate.
Strong base vs weak base
Strong base is the complete dissociation of the ability to strip the hydrogen from it.
Weak base dissociates slightly in water.
What is titration?
A titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration (titrant) is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution (analyte).
