Chapter 3 - Sociology Flashcards

0
Q

What it socialization?

A

The lifelong process through which we learn all the knowledge, skills and attitudes we need to survive and prosper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is sociology?

A

A social science that analyzes the development, structure and functioning of human society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is primary socialization?

A

Comprises the basic understandings we need t function in the society into which we are born

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a primary socialization? And why?

A

Family, because they are there from the start to socialize you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is secondary socialization?

A

Learning how to function in groups and learning how to follow the behaviours society expects of us while acting in group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a secondary socialization? And why?

A

School, because its the first presence of formal rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are agents of socialization?

A

Things that influence socialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a social institution?

A

Group that supports social practices and behavious that a society has agreed to promote and obey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some societal needs a society must have in order to be self-sufficent?

A
  • New members
  • Socialize new members
  • Deal with members health and sickness issues
  • Select members for certain jobs
  • Create knowledge
  • Control members
  • Defend against its enemies
  • Promote social unity
  • Produce and exchange goods and services
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an example of a social institution and why?

A

Law: NEEDS - maintain social order. GROUPS - jails, courts, police stations, law offices. MEMBERS - lawyers, police officers, judges VALUES/NORMS - determine guilty and innocent people, fair trials, fair punishments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is culture?

A

Shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that characterize an institution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is high culture?

A

Tastes and creations used by upper class. Requires elaborate training/resources to take part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is folk culture?

A

Tastes and creations used by working class/minorities. Produced for and by ordinary people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is popular culture?

A

Tastes and creations that appeals to the masses. Items designed for leisure, entertainment, fashion. Short lived “fads”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is subculture?

A

Shared elements of mainstream culture, but maintains own customs, values, norms, lifestyles. Based on age, gender, wealth, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is counterculture?

A

Deliberately and consciously opposed to some central beliefs or attitudes of mainstream culture. Based on gender, race, SES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Judging all cultures by your own culture’s standards

Thinking yours is better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is multiculturalism?

A

Encourages respect and appreciation for all culture differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is deviant behaviour?

A

Doesn’t conform to the social norms held acceptable by a society
Differs depending on culture/location

19
Q

What are the causes of deviant behaviour?

A

Rapid social change, multicultural society, inadequate socialization, increasing complexity of society, conflict between goals and means

20
Q

What is the labeling theory?

A

No acts or people are inherently deviant

People in power create laws and label things as deviant

21
Q

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?

A
  1. ) commit a deviant act
  2. ) labeled as a deviant
  3. ) get treated like a deviant, start believing you are a deviant
  4. ) commit more deviant acts as result
22
Q

What does feral meanV

A

Wild

23
Q

What is a critical window?

A

Children learn certain thing at certain times

24
Q

How is language affected by the critical window?

A

3-4 years to learn language
If not learned in critical window, language will never be learned
Language isn’t just words, its putting them into sentences using grammar

25
Q

What is nature?

A

Natural qualities and aptitudes that we possess from birth

26
Q

What is nurture?

A

Activities we do after we are born and influence development. Human brain is a blank slate (tabula rasa) which is gradually filled

27
Q

What is a psychopath?

A

(Translates to mind disease)

An individual who possesses specific anti-social personality traits

28
Q

What is a serial killer?

A

Someone who commits 3 or more murders over a period of time

29
Q

What are some characteristics of serial killers?

A
  • Over 90% are white males
  • Commonly abused children
  • Usually from unstable family
  • Many suicide attempts
  • Fire starters
  • Sadistic activity
  • Interested in porn and pleasure from sexual pain at early age
30
Q

What are some characteristics on a emotional level of psychopaths/sociopaths?

A
  • Superficial
  • Egocentric
  • Incapable of love
  • Shallow
  • Lack of remorse or guilt
  • Lack of empathy or caring
  • Manipulative
  • Fearless
31
Q

What are some characteristics on a social deviance level of psychopaths/sociopaths?

A
  • Impulsive
  • Lack of responsibility
  • Early behaviour problems
  • Over-exaggerate crimes
  • Exploit/manipulate others for pleasure
  • Need for excitement
32
Q

Differences between psychopaths and sociopaths:

A
PSYCHOPATH:
-Psychological
-Genetic/biological
-Malformation of the amygdala
SOCIOPATH:
-Based on personal belief
-Result of social forces
-Early life trauma
-Parental roles
-Environmental
33
Q

What is stockholm syndrome?

A

Feelings of trust or affection felt in certain cases of kidnapping or hostage-taking by a victim toward a captor

34
Q

What is the bystander effect?

A

Occurs when the presence of others hinders individuals from intervening in an emergency situation

35
Q

What is a treatment/research for psychopaths?

A

Hard to treat, because its already in the brain

Researchers have found a link with the size of the amygdala

36
Q

What is an amygdala?

A

A part of the brain that is believed to monitor empathy for others

37
Q

What is a subgroup?

A

(A group within a group)

Collection of people who identify themselves as members of a group within a larger social system

38
Q

What is conformity?

A

Occurs when a person adjusts his/her thoughts, feelings and behaviour to match the standards of a group

39
Q

What is a cult?

A

A religious organization that is outside a society’s cultural traditions

40
Q

What are the 3 D’s?

A

Deception, dependency, dread

41
Q

What is deception?

A

Led to believe the group will enrich their lives

42
Q

What is dependency?

A

Isolation from outside support

43
Q

What is dread?

A

Once dependent, strong fears of losing group support. Encouraging individuals to stay in the group

44
Q

What are signs of a cult?

A
  • Leader is authoritarian and sole judge of faith
  • Can be psychologically and physically dangerous
  • Members are required to perform demeaning tasks with little talent or education