Chapter 3 - Sociology

Question 0

What it socialization?

Answer 0

The lifelong process through which we learn all the knowledge, skills and attitudes we need to survive and prosper

Question 1

What is sociology?

Answer 1

A social science that analyzes the development, structure and functioning of human society

Question 2

What is primary socialization?

Answer 2

Comprises the basic understandings we need t function in the society into which we are born

Question 3

What is a primary socialization? And why?

Answer 3

Family, because they are there from the start to socialize you

Question 4

What is secondary socialization?

Answer 4

Learning how to function in groups and learning how to follow the behaviours society expects of us while acting in group

Question 5

What is a secondary socialization? And why?

Answer 5

School, because its the first presence of formal rules

Question 6

What are agents of socialization?

Answer 6

Things that influence socialization

Question 7

What is a social institution?

Answer 7

Group that supports social practices and behavious that a society has agreed to promote and obey

Question 8

What are some societal needs a society must have in order to be self-sufficent?

Answer 8

• New members
• Socialize new members
• Deal with members health and sickness issues
• Select members for certain jobs
• Create knowledge
• Control members
• Defend against its enemies
• Promote social unity
• Produce and exchange goods and services

Question 9

What is an example of a social institution and why?

Answer 9

Law: NEEDS - maintain social order. GROUPS - jails, courts, police stations, law offices. MEMBERS - lawyers, police officers, judges VALUES/NORMS - determine guilty and innocent people, fair trials, fair punishments

Question 10

What is culture?

Answer 10

Shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that characterize an institution

Question 11

What is high culture?

Answer 11

Tastes and creations used by upper class. Requires elaborate training/resources to take part

Question 12

What is folk culture?

Answer 12

Tastes and creations used by working class/minorities. Produced for and by ordinary people

Question 13

What is popular culture?

Answer 13

Tastes and creations that appeals to the masses. Items designed for leisure, entertainment, fashion. Short lived “fads”

Question 14

What is subculture?

Answer 14

Shared elements of mainstream culture, but maintains own customs, values, norms, lifestyles. Based on age, gender, wealth, etc

Question 15

What is counterculture?

Answer 15

Deliberately and consciously opposed to some central beliefs or attitudes of mainstream culture. Based on gender, race, SES

Question 16

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 16

Judging all cultures by your own culture’s standards

Thinking yours is better

Question 17

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 17

Encourages respect and appreciation for all culture differences

Question 18

What is deviant behaviour?

Answer 18

Doesn’t conform to the social norms held acceptable by a society
Differs depending on culture/location

Question 19

What are the causes of deviant behaviour?

Answer 19

Rapid social change, multicultural society, inadequate socialization, increasing complexity of society, conflict between goals and means

Question 20

What is the labeling theory?

Answer 20

No acts or people are inherently deviant

People in power create laws and label things as deviant

Question 21

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 21

1. ) commit a deviant act
2. ) labeled as a deviant
3. ) get treated like a deviant, start believing you are a deviant
4. ) commit more deviant acts as result

Question 22

What does feral meanV

Answer 22

Wild

Question 23

What is a critical window?

Answer 23

Children learn certain thing at certain times

Question 24

How is language affected by the critical window?

Answer 24

3-4 years to learn language If not learned in critical window, language will never be learned Language isn't just words, its putting them into sentences using grammar

Question 25

What is nature?

Answer 25

Natural qualities and aptitudes that we possess from birth

Question 26

What is nurture?

Answer 26

Activities we do after we are born and influence development. Human brain is a blank slate (tabula rasa) which is gradually filled

Question 27

What is a psychopath?

Answer 27

(Translates to mind disease) | An individual who possesses specific anti-social personality traits

Question 28

What is a serial killer?

Answer 28

Someone who commits 3 or more murders over a period of time

Question 29

What are some characteristics of serial killers?

Answer 29

- Over 90% are white males - Commonly abused children - Usually from unstable family - Many suicide attempts - Fire starters - Sadistic activity - Interested in porn and pleasure from sexual pain at early age

Question 30

What are some characteristics on a emotional level of psychopaths/sociopaths?

Answer 30

- Superficial - Egocentric - Incapable of love - Shallow - Lack of remorse or guilt - Lack of empathy or caring - Manipulative - Fearless

Question 31

What are some characteristics on a social deviance level of psychopaths/sociopaths?

Answer 31

- Impulsive - Lack of responsibility - Early behaviour problems - Over-exaggerate crimes - Exploit/manipulate others for pleasure - Need for excitement

Question 32

Differences between psychopaths and sociopaths:

Answer 32

``` PSYCHOPATH: -Psychological -Genetic/biological -Malformation of the amygdala SOCIOPATH: -Based on personal belief -Result of social forces -Early life trauma -Parental roles -Environmental ```

Question 33

What is stockholm syndrome?

Answer 33

Feelings of trust or affection felt in certain cases of kidnapping or hostage-taking by a victim toward a captor

Question 34

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 34

Occurs when the presence of others hinders individuals from intervening in an emergency situation

Question 35

What is a treatment/research for psychopaths?

Answer 35

Hard to treat, because its already in the brain | Researchers have found a link with the size of the amygdala

Question 36

What is an amygdala?

Answer 36

A part of the brain that is believed to monitor empathy for others

Question 37

What is a subgroup?

Answer 37

(A group within a group) | Collection of people who identify themselves as members of a group within a larger social system

Question 38

What is conformity?

Answer 38

Occurs when a person adjusts his/her thoughts, feelings and behaviour to match the standards of a group

Question 39

What is a cult?

Answer 39

A religious organization that is outside a society's cultural traditions

Question 40

What are the 3 D's?

Answer 40

Deception, dependency, dread

Question 41

What is deception?

Answer 41

Led to believe the group will enrich their lives

Question 42

What is dependency?

Answer 42

Isolation from outside support

Question 43

What is dread?

Answer 43

Once dependent, strong fears of losing group support. Encouraging individuals to stay in the group

Question 44

What are signs of a cult?

Answer 44

- Leader is authoritarian and sole judge of faith - Can be psychologically and physically dangerous - Members are required to perform demeaning tasks with little talent or education