Chapter 2.5 - Concepts of Psychology Flashcards
What is biological psychology?
(Behavioural neuroscience)
How the brain, nervous system hormones and genetics influence behaviour
Branches of Psychology:
Biological, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviourism, humanism, cognitive psychology
What is functionalism?
Founded by William James
Mental characteristics had been developed to allow people to survive by solving problems
What is psychoanalysis?
Founded by Sigmund Freud
Getting patients to talk about their background, feelings and experiences with a psychologist
What is behaviourism?
Founded by John Watson
Developed by B.F. Skinner
Believed that responses are result of environmental stimuli, study of how people react to the environment
What is humanism?
Influenced by Abraham Maslow
Believed that humans are good and focused on the human potential
What is cognitive psychology?
Study of mental processes involved in memory, learning and thinking
What is the ID?
(Devil)
Unconscious mind, composed of instincts for negative impulses and/or desires, present at birth
Example of the ID:
I want to skip school and play video games
What is the superego?
(Angel)
Unconscious mind, provides appropriate responses to negative impulses, represents conscience and rules of society, last system to develop
Example of Superego:
It is wrong to skip school
What is the Ego?
(Ref)
Conscious mind, emerges after birth as we learn from experience
Example of the ego:
There might be a quiz in science, if I skip, I’ll get a zero
What is Freud’s stages of development?
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory suggested that personality is mostly established by the age of 5. Experiences play a large role in personality development and influence behaviour
What are the 5 stages of Freud’s stages of development?
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
What is the oral stage?
Sucking, biting, eating. Ages: birth to 12-18 months (driven by the ID)
What is the anal stag?
Expelling and withholding body waste. Ages: 12-18 months (ego starts to develop)
What is the phallic stage?
Interest in genitals. Ages: 3-5/6 years (helps with superego and knowing right from wrong)
What is the latency stage?
Sexual concerns are largely unimportant. Ages: 5/6-adolescence (all things wrong in childhood turned into real personality)
What is the genital stage?
Re-emergence of sexual interests and establishment of mature/sexual relationships. Ages: adolescence-adulthood (ego/superego are fully developed)
What are the 8 stages of Erikson’s development theory?
Trust VS Mistrust Autonomy VS Doubt/Shame Initiative VS Guilt Industry VS inferiority Identity VS Role Confusion Intimacy VS Isolation Generality VS Stagnation Ego Integrity VS Despair
What is the sleep cycle?
4 stages and REM sleep
What is stage 1 of the sleep cycle?
5-10 mins
Transition from awake to asleep
What is stage 2 of the sleep cycle?
20 mins
Body temp. and Heart rate decrease
Light sleep
What is stage 3 of the sleep cycle?
Transitional stage
Light –> heavy sleep
What is stage 4 of the sleep cycle?
30 mins
Deep sleep
Sleep walking/talking would occur
What is REM sleep?
(Rapid Eye Movement)
Dreaming
Body is paralyzed to not act out dreams
What is a Neurotic Disorder?
Usually react with fear and dread to situations others consider non-threatening
May encounter difficulty in life
Able to manage daily affairs
Example: OCD
What is a psychotic disorder?
Often lose touch with real world
Experience delusions and hallucinations
Example: Schizophrenia
What is Schizophrenia?
Affects the way you understand and interact with the world around you
What is OCD?
Disorder of the brain and behaviour causes severe anxiety. Involves obsessions as compulsions
What is PTSD?
Caused by stress, traumatic experience can cause panic around things that “triggered it”