Chapter 3 - Society: Interactions, Groups, And Organizations

Question 0

Social institution

Answer 0

An organized and established set of social relationships and networks, bounded by relatively fixed boundaries that meet specific social needs

Question 1

Society

Answer 1

An organized collection of individuals and institutions, bounded by space in a coherent territory, subject to the same political authority, and organized through a shared set of cultural expectations and values

Question 2

Family economy and school are an example.

Answer 2

Social institutions

Question 3

A complex framework composed of both patterned social interactions and institutions that together organize social life and provide the context for individual action

Answer 3

Social structure

Question 4

The foundation for societal groups and relationships in the process of how people behave and interact with each other

Answer 4

Social interaction

Question 5

The process of how identity is formed through social interaction.

Answer 5

Looking glass self

Question 6

We imagine how we appear to others and thus develop our sense of self based on the others’ reactions, imagined or otherwise

Answer 6

Looking glass self

Question 7

Developed the idea of the looking glass self

Answer 7

Cooley

Question 8

Our attempts to control how others perceive us by changing a behavior to correspond to an ideal of what they will find most appealing

Answer 8

Impression management

Question 9

Developed the idea of impression management

Answer 9

Erving Goffman

Question 10

Conception of social life as being like a stage wherein we all work hard to convincingly play ourselves as “characters”

Answer 10

Dramaturgy

Question 11

In dramaturgical theory, the possible performance of ourselves because when we make a mistake or do something wrong, we feel embarrassed or “lose face”

Answer 11

Face work

Question 12

The study of the social knowledge, codes, and conventions that underlie everyday interactions and allow people to make sense of what others say and do

Answer 12

Ethnomethodology

Question 13

Individual or group the possesses social power

Answer 13

Superordinate

Question 14

Individual or group the possesses little or comparatively less social power

Answer 14

Subordinate

Question 15

The particular emphasis or interpretation each of us gives a social role

Answer 15

Role performance

Question 16

One’s socially defined position in a group, it is often characterized by certain expectations and rights

Answer 16

Status

Question 17

Status that is assigned to a person and over which he or she has no control

Answer 17

Ascribed status

Question 18

Status or social position based on one’s accomplishments or activities

Answer 18

Achieved status

Question 19

And ascribed or achieved status presumed so important that it overshadows all of the others, dominating our lives and controlling our position in society

Answer 19

Master status

Question 20

Behavior expected of people who have a particular status

Answer 20

Role

Question 21

The experience of difficulty in performing a role

Answer 21

Role strain

Question 22

What happens when we try to play different roles with extremely different or contradictory rules at the same time

Answer 22

Role conflict

Question 23

The process we go through to a just when leaving a role that is central to our identity

Answer 23

Role exit

Question 24

Collection of individuals who are aware that they share something in common and who interact with one another on the basis of their interrelated roles and statuses

Answer 24

Group

Question 25

A group of two people, the smallest configuration defined by sociologists as a group

Answer 25

Dyad

Question 26

An aggregate of individuals who happened to be together experience themselves as essentially independent

Answer 26

Crowd

Question 27

The degree to which individual members of a group identify with each other and with the group as a whole

Answer 27

Group cohesion

Question 28

One such as friends and family, which comes together for expressive reasons, providing emotional support, love, companionship, and security

Answer 28

Primary group

Question 29

Coworkers, club members, or another group comes together for instrumental reasons, such as wanting to work together to meet common goals

Answer 29

Secondary group

Question 30

Make less of an emotional claim on one’s identity then do primary groups

Answer 30

Secondary group

Question 31

A group with which you identify and that you feel positively towards, producing a “we” feeling

Answer 31

In group

Question 32

One to which you do not belong in toward which you feel either neutral or hostile; the “they” who are perceived as different from and of lower stature than ourselves

Answer 32

Out group

Question 33

The social tendency to be keenly aware of the subtle differences among the individual members of your group (while believing that all members of our groups are exactly the same)

Answer 33

In group heterogeneity

Question 34

The social tendency to believe that all members of an outgroup are exactly the same (while being keenly aware of the subtle differences among the individual members of one’s own great)

Answer 34

Outgroup homogeneity

Question 35

A group toward which one is so strongly committed, or one that command so much prestige, that we orient her actions around what we perceive that groups perceptions would be

Answer 35

Reference group

Question 36

All groups have one, people in charge, whether they were elected, appointed, or just informally took control

Answer 36

Leader

Question 37

A small number of group members, the “Innercircle” who wield a great deal of power to make policy decisions

Answer 37

Hard-core members

Question 38

term for social process in which members of a group attempt to conform their opinions to what they believe to be the consensus of the group, even if, as individuals, they may consider the opinion wrong or unwise

Answer 38

Groupthink

Question 39

Founded the idea of groupthink

Answer 39

Irving Janis

Question 40

Generalization about a group that is oversimplified and exaggerated and fails to acknowledge individual differences in the group

Answer 40

Stereotype

Question 41

Often conceived as a web of social interactions, a type of group that is both looser and denser than a formal group connect people to each other, and, through those connections, with other people

Answer 41

Network

Question 42

A formal group of people with one or more shared goals

Answer 42

Organization

Question 43

Voluntary organization wherein members serve because they believe in the goals of the organization

Answer 43

Nominative organization

Question 44

One in which membership is not voluntary, with elaborate formal rules and sanctions

Answer 44

Coercive organization

Question 45

An institution that completely circumscribes your every day life, cutting you off from life before you entered and seeking to regulate every part of your behavior

Answer 45

Total institution

Question 46

Organization, like the college we attend or the company we work for, his members belong for specific, instrumental purpose or tangible material reward

Answer 46

Utilitarian organization

Question 47

Originally derived from the French word bureau, or office, a formal organization characterized by a division of labor, hierarchy of authority, formal rules governing behavior, a logic of rationality, and an impersonality of criteria

Answer 47

Bureaucracy

Question 48

Describes those people who become more committed to following the correct procedures and they are to getting the job done

Answer 48

Bureaucratic personality

Question 49

Coined the term bureaucratic personality

Answer 49

Robert Merton