Chapter 3- Society And Culture In Provincial America Flashcards
0
Q
Birth and death rates
A
- all immigrants experienced inadequate food, frequent epidemics and early death
- New England pop had those who survived infancy living until 70iish because of cool climates, disease free environment, clean water and no population center to breed epidemics
- South improved slower, expected to live about 40, 1:4 children died in infancy, half died before 20, most children grew up with one parent.
- pop growth throughout was due to sex ratios becoming more equal
1
Q
Indentured system
A
- young men and women bound themselves to masters for about 4-5 years and in return were given a voyage to the new world, food and shelter
- in the end, males were supposed to receive benefits, but were left unprepared and unequipped
- most Chesapeake servants were women
- women tended to marry at the end of servitude
- forced servants: prisoners, war prisoners, undesirable (orphans, paupers, etc), dangerous, kidnapped or impressed.
- system proved a way to fix labor shortage because Natives were not a service work force
- some could prove themselves after servitude, but many men were left jobless and landless, roaming
- avoided the South because of the arduous work
- Chesapeake still saw it as unfit
2
Q
Midwives
A
- assisted women in childbirth
- women used to establish themselves in the medical field without any proper training
- urged patients to use herbs and other remedies
- based off of assumptions and not real science
3
Q
Patriarchal society
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- because of the young women marrying, the traditional male centered society was often undermined
- premarital sexual relationships were frequent within indentured servants
- women bore the children and died from the excessive amounts of birth in a short amount of time
- women chose the men and outlived them
4
Q
Middle passage
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- Africans journey to America
- were chained for weeks, little food or water, rape was high, packed extremely tightly, death was high
5
Q
Royal African Company of England
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- kept the trade small because the monopoly maintained the trade from the colonies, and kept the prices high and supplies low
- turning point of African pop was when it broke in mid 1690s
6
Q
Slave codes
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- in the early 1700s, colonists began to pass the codes
- limited the rights of blacks in law and ensuring almost absolute authority to white masters
- only color determine if you were bound by slave codes
7
Q
Palatinate Germans
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- aka the Rhineland of southwestern Germany
- cuz they were close to France, where King Louis XIV waged wars with them, they were exposed to slaughter and ruin
- winter if 1708-1709 made them seek refuge in America, like NY
- the PA colony warmly welcome them
- most immigrant Germans went to the Quaker colony and NC
8
Q
Scoth-Irish
A
- most numerous of the newcomers
- Scottish Presbyterians of northern Ireland of Ulster
- Propered despite the barren soil and struggle to suppress the Catholic natives
- Parliament prohibited Ulster to export to England the goods that became its basis, like wool
- also outlawed Presbyterian religion and forced conformity to Anglican church
- pushed to the outskirts of Euro settlement where they had no regard for who claimed the land
9
Q
Huguenots
A
- French Calvinists
- Edict of Nantes: 1598, allowed them to become a state within Roman Catholic France—-1685, revoked
- about 300,000 left and a few went to English colonies in North America
10
Q
Iron Act of 1750
A
- restricted metal processing in the colonies
- Great Britain grew industrailly because of it
11
Q
Catholics
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- hated by Protestants
- viewed as military and commercial rivals, and agents of Rome (New France/ Canada)
- too few to cause serious conflict
- mainly in MD
- after 1691, forbidden to hold religious services except in private houses
12
Q
Triangular trade
A
- Intricate network of trade between North America colonies with England, Europe, and the west coast of Africa
- merchants carried rum from New England to Africa
- traded goods for slaves, who were brought over to the West Indies
- slaves exchanged for molasses and sugar, which were brought back to New England
13
Q
Plantation economy
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- the first plantations were relatively small with about 30 workers
- plantation economy was a precarious one
- self contained communities with gender roles and masters controlled their lives
14
Q
Consumerism
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- -A new appetite for new opportunities was created by prosperity and commercialism in British America.
- An increase in social classes was prominent through the goods bought.
- Merchants soon began to advertise in newspapers.
- Luxuries were now necessities and became a ready good.
- The 18th century cities planned their futures, so they would be elegant with parks and squares.