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IGCSE Sociology > Chapter 3-Social Inequality > Flashcards

Chapter 3-Social Inequality Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define:

Achieved Status

A

A position that is earned or chosen.

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2
Q

Define:

Ageism

A

When holds prejudice or discriminate based on ones age.

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3
Q

Define:

Apartheid

A

A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.

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4
Q

Define:

Ascribed Status

A

A position or social group in which one is born into.

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5
Q

Define:

Blue Collar/White Collar Worker

A

Those who do manual labor/Those who work in offices

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6
Q

Define:

Bourgeoise

A

The upper class

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7
Q

Define:

Caste

A

A system in which ascribed status is rigidly applied and there’s no social mobility.

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8
Q

Define:

Civil/Human Rights

A

A right that is believed to belong justifiably to every person.

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9
Q

Define:

Closed Society

A

A culture in which there is rigid structure and little freedom or tolerance of belief

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10
Q

Define:

Culture of Poverty

A

Refers to the social theory that explains the cycle of poverty.

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11
Q

Define:

Dependency Culture

A

A lifestyle where one relies on someone or something else to fulfill their needs (usually financial)

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12
Q

Define:

Discrimination

A

The prejudicial treatment of different people based on race, colour, age, etc

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13
Q

Define:

Distribution of wealth/Redistribution of wealth

A

How financial assets and income transferred and spread amongst society.

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14
Q

Define:

Domestic Labour

A

Work done in the home

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15
Q

Define:

Elite

A

A select group that is superior than others.

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16
Q

Define:

Embourgeoisement/Proletarianisation

A

A Marxist theory, it refers to the social process whereby people move from being either an employer, unemployed or self employed to being employed as wage labor.

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17
Q

Define:

Equal Opportunities

A

The right to be treated without discrimination.

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18
Q

Define:

Fatalism

A

The state in which poor people feel there is nothing they can do to change their situation so they’re just stuck there and pass this belief on to future generations resulting in a cycle of poverty.

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19
Q

Define:

Feminism

A

A movement for granting women politic, social and economic equality with men.

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20
Q

Define:

Gendered Division of Labour

A

The division of labor in societies is directly tied to socio-cultural pattens which determine the tasks that women and men should perform.

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21
Q

Division:

Glass Ceiling

A

An intangible barrier within a hierarchy that prevent women or minorities from obtaining upper-level positions.

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22
Q

Define:

Immediate/Deferred Gratification

A

The result of something you do gives you satisfaction right away/
The result of something you do gives satisfaction where you have to wait for it to pay off

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23
Q

Define:

Industrial Societies

A

A society driven by the use of technology for mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity of labour.

24
Q

Define:

Intergenerational Social Mobility

A

Social mobility between generations. Measured by comparing occupational status of father and son.

25
Q

Define:

Intragenerational Social Mobility

A

Social mobility within a single generation. Measured by comparing ones status at different points in time.

26
Q

Define:

Life Chances

A

The level of opportunity an individual has to acquire material, social and cultural rewards in life based on race, gender, age, etc.

27
Q

Define:

Lifestyle

A

The way one lives.

28
Q

Define:

Marxism

A

Based off of the views of Karl Marx that society constitutes of the bourgeoisie and the proletariats.

29
Q

Define:

Meritocracy

A

A system which believes that if you do good things or meet society’s expectation you will be rewarded.

30
Q

Define:

Absolute Poverty

A

When a persons income is insufficient to obtain the basic requirements to survive.

31
Q

Define:

Middle Class

A

The solution between the upper and working classes.

32
Q

Define:

Occupational Structure

A

The total distribution of occupation in society according to skill level, economic function or social status.

33
Q

Define:

Open Society

A

A society characterized by a flexible structure, freedom or belief, and wide dissemination of information.

34
Q

Define:

Patriarchy

A

A system of domination by which wealthy, white, male ruling class have ruling authority over everyone else.

35
Q

Define:

Poverty Line

A

The estimated minimum level of income needed to secure the necessities of life.

36
Q

Define:

Poverty Trap

A

Spiraling mechanism which forces people to remain poor.

37
Q

Define:

Prejudice

A

An attitude (often based on stereotyping) which makes us think in a favorable way towards a specific group. It can be positive or negative, usually associated with negative feelings.

38
Q

Define:

Privileged Group

A

A group that has a degree of superiority over everyone else.

39
Q

Define:

Professions/Professional Worker

A

A paid occupation, especially one that involves prolonged training and a formal qualification.

40
Q

Define:

Racism/Institutional Racism

A

The belief that some races of people are better than others, and holding prejudice and stereotypes against them.

41
Q

Define:

Relative Poverty

A

When someone cannot meet general standard of living, poor compared to others.

42
Q

Define:

Reserve Army of Labour

A

In Marxian analysis, the segment of labour force which is held in reserve to be called into the work force when need arises.

43
Q

Define:

Scapegoating

A

A person or group that is made to bear the blame for others, even though they didn’t necessarily commit the crime.

44
Q

Define:

Skilled/Unskilled Worker

A

Any labour that has training, knowledge and ability in their work/Any labour that doesn’t have training and knowledge and ability in their work.

45
Q

Define:

Slavery

A

The involuntary subjection to another or others.

46
Q

Define:

Social Exclusion

A

Social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.

47
Q

Define:

Social Inequality

A

The uneven distribution of resources i.e wealth and income and the opportunities related to it i.e education

48
Q

Define:

Social Mobility

A

The movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society.

49
Q

Define:

Social Stratification

A

The way society is structured into different classes.

50
Q

Define:

Traditional Societies

A

Refers to a society characterized by an orientation to the past, with a predominant role for custom.

51
Q

Define:

Underclass

A

The lowest social stratum in a country or community, consisted of poor and unemployed.

52
Q

Define:

Upper Class

A

The highest social stratum in a society, usually consisted of rich and employed.

53
Q

Define:

Wealth

A

An abundance of valuable possessions or money.

54
Q

Define:

Welfare State

A

A system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well being of its citizens especially those under privileged.

55
Q

Define:

Working Class

A

The social group consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work.

IGCSE Sociology (3 decks)

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