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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3: Skeletal System Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Skeletal System Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bones

A

Are the basic structures that provide the body’s framework, physically, support the body, and protect internal structures in the body’s cavities. They are also a storage area for minerals (especially calcium), and have structures that manufacture various blood cells. They are dense and rigid tissues that do not allow for mobility but most bones are connected to one another by joints which, together with cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and muscles, allow the body to move.

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2
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft or trunk of a long bone

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3
Q

Epiphysis

A

Wider area at the end of a long bone

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4
Q

Process

A

Normal projection on a bone to attach the bone to a muscle or tendon

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5
Q

Foramen

A

Hole in the bone for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments to pass through

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6
Q

Periosteum

A

(the prefix peri-means surrounding): tough fibrous tissue that surrounds and covers the bone

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7
Q

Compact bone

A

dense, solid, tough, strong tissue

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8
Q

Spongy bone

A

area that is softer and weaker, is less dense and strong, appears sponge-like, and contains red bone marrow

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9
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Innermost center cavity of the bone, a storage space for bone marrow

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10
Q

Endosteum

A

(the prefix end- means inside): tissue that lines the medullary cavity

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11
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Manufactures blood cells, and is found in the ends and the inner sections of long bones, ribs, pelvic bones, and bones of the spine

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12
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Storage area for fat, and is found in the medullary cavity of long bones

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13
Q

Cartilage

A

Resilient and smooth elastic tissue that pads and protects the ends of a bone at the point where it connects with another bone

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14
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

smooth and rubbery tissue that covers adjoining bones to act as a shock absorber and to prevent friction between the bones

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15
Q

Joints

A

Are areas where two or more bones meet. Some joints do not allow mobility, but most joints are mobile which allows the bone to move. There are 3 types of joints that are classified according to their composition, their ability to promote movement, and the presence or absence of a cavity in the joint.

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16
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Are layers of dense tissue that are not flexible, connect the bones, and do not allow for movement

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17
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

connect bones with cartilage, and allow slight movement.

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18
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Allow for smooth and potentially complex movement between connecting bones

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19
Q

Synovial Capsule

A

Outermost layer that defines the cavity between the bones

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20
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Lines the inside of the capsule and secretes fluid

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21
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Liquid that lubricates the cavity to prevent friction and allow for joint movement

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22
Q

Ligaments

A

Fiber-like strands of connective tissue that attach bone-bone or bone-cartilage to keep the structures together and to keep them stable

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23
Q

Bursae

A

Fibrous sacs filled with thick fluid to provide added cushioning

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24
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

The term axial pertains to the central part of the body, including the skull bones (cranial, facial, and middle ear bones), thoracic cavity, and the vertebrae

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25
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

The term appendicular refers to appendages (structures that are attached to the central part of the body)

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26
Q

Cranial bones

A

Protect the brain and are flat bones that are connected by fibrous joints.

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27
Q

Facial Bones

A

Help shape the face and may have air-filled cavities to lighten the weight of the skull

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28
Q

Auditory Ossicles

A

Three tiny bones in the middle ear that transmit sound waves

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29
Q

Rib cage

A

Protects structure and organs within the thoracic cavity

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30
Q

Sternum

A

A flat bone located in the middle of the chest. 3 main sections: manubrium, body of the sterum, xiphoid process

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31
Q

Manubrium

A

Uppermost portion of the sternum

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32
Q

Body of the sternum

A

middle section, and the majority of the sternum

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33
Q

Xiphoid process

A

small lower part of the sternum

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34
Q

True ribs

A

attach to the sternum

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35
Q

False ribs

A

they connect to a common cartilage which attaches to the sternum

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36
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Only attach to thoracic vertebrae, they do not connect with the anterior chest

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37
Q

Vertebrae

A

A series of small bones with projections. Each vertebra has a foramen that aligns with all the other vertebral foramen, through which the spinal cord passes. The bones of the vertebra are cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

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38
Q

Cartilaginous Disk

A

protects the bone and separated each vertebra. Acts as a cushion to prevent friction between the bones, and allows the spine to move.

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39
Q

Bones of the pectoral girdle (Shoulder area)

A

Connect with the axial skeleton and support the arms and hands. they include: the clavicle, scapula and acromion

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40
Q

Clavicle

A

Commonly called the collar bone

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41
Q

Scapula

A

Commonly called the shoulder blade or the wing bone

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42
Q

Acromion

A

Bony process that is an extension of the scapula

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43
Q

Arm bones

A

They are the humerus, radius, ulna, and olecranon process

44
Q

Bones of the wrists and hands

A

They are the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

45
Q

Humerus

A

Upper arm bone, from the shoulder to the elbow

46
Q

Radius

A

Shorter and smaller bone of the forearm, between, the elbow and the wrist

47
Q

Ulna

A

Longer, larger of the two forearm bones, between the elbow and the wrist

48
Q

Olecranon Process

A

Bony process on the proximal end of the ulna

49
Q

Carpals

A

Collection of small bones that form the wrist

50
Q

Metacarpals

A

(the prefix meta- means subsequent to, after): bones that form the palm of the hand

51
Q

Phalanges

A

bones of the fingers

52
Q

Pelvis

A

It is the lower part of the body’s trunk between the abdomen and the thighs, protects the lower internal structures and supports the legs, and is sometimes called the pubic bone. Bones associated with the pelvis are: ilium, ischium, and pubis

53
Q

Ilium

A

Broad and blade-shaped bone

54
Q

Ischium

A

Lower posterior section of the pubic bone

55
Q

Pubis

A

Lower anterior section of the pubic bone

56
Q

Acetabulum

A

a cavity on either side of the pubic bone that accommodates the head of each upper leg to create the hip joints, and the pubic symphysis

57
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

A cartilaginous joint that connects the pubic bones to allow for slight movement

58
Q

Femur

A

Longest , largest bone that forms the upper leg (from hip to the knee)

59
Q

Patella

A

bone on the anterior of the knee, commonly called the kneecap

60
Q

Tibia

A

Larger of the two lower leg bones (from the knee to the ankle)

61
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller of the two lower leg bones

62
Q

Tarsals

A

Collection of small bones that form the ankle. Malleolus, Talus, and Calcaneus

63
Q

Malleolus

A

Tibial and fibular rounded projections, on the sides of the ankle

64
Q

Talus

A

Small ankle bone that connects with the tibia and fibula

65
Q

Calcaneus

A

Bone that forms the foundation of the rear part of the foot, often called the heel bone

66
Q

Metatarsals

A

Bones that connect the tarsals and phalanges

67
Q

Phalanges

A

Bones of the toes

68
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Crooked, bent, stiff

69
Q

Arthr/o

A

joint

70
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa, sac of fluid near a joint

71
Q

Cervic/o

A

neck

72
Q

Chondr/o, chondr/i

A

cartilage

73
Q

Cost/o

A

rib

74
Q

Crani/o

A

skull

75
Q

Ili/o

A

ilium, hip bone

76
Q

Kyph/o

A

hump

77
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

78
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback

79
Q

Lumb/o

A

lower back

80
Q

Mandibul/o

A

lower jaw, mandible

81
Q

Myel/o

A

bone marrow

82
Q

Necr/o

A

death

83
Q

Oste/o, ost/o, oss/i, oss/e

A

bone

84
Q

Pelv/o, Pelv/i

A

Pelvic bone

85
Q

Pod/o

A

feet

86
Q

Sacr/o

A

sacrum

87
Q

Scoli/o

A

bent, curved

88
Q

Spondyl/o

A

vertebra, backbone

89
Q

stern/o

A

Sternum, breast bone

90
Q

Synov/o, synovi/o

A

synovial

91
Q

Tars/o

A

Tarsus, ankle bone

92
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra, backbone

93
Q

-centesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid

94
Q

-clasis

A

breaking down

95
Q

-desis

A

tie, bind, fuse, join

96
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

97
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

98
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

99
Q

-lysis

A

loosening

100
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softening

101
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition, disease

102
Q

-otomy

A

cutting into or surgical incision

103
Q

-penia

A

deficiency, lack

104
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

105
Q

-rrhaphy

A

surgical suturing

106
Q

-sclerosis

A

abnormal hardening

107
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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