Chapter 3 - Section 16 Flashcards
Who made up most of the HRE?
Germans, but religiously diverse.
What was the Holy Roman Empire’s size at the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War?
From France to Poland/Hungary
Why did Germans decline in 1618?
Loss in creativity, Increased campaign against witches, commerce decrease, capital ($) moved to West
What Lutheran gains were made before the Thirty Years’ War?
Lutheran administration in church states, Catholics worried.
Why was the world complex before the Thirty Years’ War?
German civil war fought over Catholic-Protestant issue, fought over constitutional issues b/n emperor/states wanting to be independent.
What international war went on before the Thirty Years’ War?
The French vs. Hapsburgs, and the Spain vs. Dutch
What were the four phases?
I: Bohemian, II: Dutch, III: Swedish, IV: Swedish-French
I: What was the defenestration of Prague?
HRE emissaries thrown out of window by Czechs, fearing loss of Protestant liberties
I: Which emperor sends troops in for the defenestration of Prague?
Ferdinand II’s successor Matthias
I: Who was fighting for the Catholicism the Battle of White Mountain?
Ferdinand II/Matthias, papal $$$, Spain, Bavaria
I: Who was fighting for the Protestants in the Battle of White Mountain
Palatine (Frederick V -> Winter King), Protestant Union, Dutch, Transylvania.
I: Who won the Battle of White Mountain?
The Catholics.
I: What were the consequences of the Battle of White Mountain?
Hapsburgs win Spain in Rhine, Bohemian King Ferdinand II seizes land for nobles yet again, Jesuit reconversion.
II: What happened to the Protestant Union in 1621?
It had dissolved.
II: Who starts fighting for the Protestants?
Lutheran Danish King Christian IV, Richelieu, Dutch, English
II: Who does Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II hire?
Albert of Wallenstein.
II: Where does Wallenstein invade by 1626?
Baltic.
II: What edict was issued in 1629?
The Edict of Restitution.
II: What did the Edict of Restitution do?
Church territory secularized since 1552 returned to Catholic Churches.
III: Who pays who to fight for the Protestants?
Richelieu pays Gustavus Adolphus to fight for Louis XIII.
III: What did Gustavus Adolphus create the first of?
The first modern army.
III: Who aides the Protestants?
Saxony, Dutch, and Germans who fear imperial centralization.
III: Who wins at Brietenfield in 1631 and Lutzen in 1632?
The Swedish army.
III: Who is killed in battle in Lutzen? Who takes his place?
Wallenstein, Oxenstierna
III: What does Wallenstein do that eventually gets him assassinated?
He didn’t like the Spanish influence, so he went to the other side to give information, but before he can, he is killed.
III: The Swedes decide to jump ship and sign what document?
The Peace of Prague (1635).
