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AP Euro > Chapter 3 - Section 12 & 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Section 12 & 13 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Johann Fugger

A

small town weaver, cloth business. lent $ to popes and Charles V, became bankers to the Hapsburgs in Germany and Spain

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1
Q

Entrepreneur

A

people who effectively sell goods

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2
Q

usury

A

taking interest on a loan

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3
Q

Fuggerism

A

lending $$$ for interest

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4
Q

mercantilism

A

government prosperous through trading and money

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5
Q

English Poor Law

A

forced people to work

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6
Q

bourgeoisie

A

middle class - had an average life

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7
Q

grammar schools

A

schools of secondary level

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8
Q

colleges

A

French schools that combined grammar schools and parts of universities

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9
Q

hidalgos

A

Spanish lesser nobles

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10
Q

plebeians

A

common people

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11
Q

Junkers

A

Northeastern German nobles

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12
Q

hereditary subjection

A

serfdom in Germany

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13
Q

robot

A

tax on peasants (similar to corvees)

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14
Q

corvee

A

tax on peasants (similar to robots)

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15
Q

internal tariffs

A

tax on trade within country

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16
Q

Nations that dealt with internal strife and religion issues

A

France, England, Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire

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17
Q

Why was the Atlantic found?

A

It was an H2O trade route to Asia and provided access to silk, and cotton rugs.

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18
Q

What did the Atlantic trade routes lead to?

A

A Religion War where Spain and Germany are weakened, and the Dutch, English, and French rise.

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19
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator

A

15th Century - NW Africa

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20
Q

Bartholomew Dias

A

1488 - South Africa

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21
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

Malabar Coast, SW India

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22
Q

Columbus

A

Spain backs him to discover a route to India. He stumbles on America.

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23
Q

Conquistadores

A

Spanish soldiers, explorers, adventurers that controlled America - brutal, gruesome.

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24
Q

Encomienda System

A

Workers of Europeans, sometimes got land for work, beginning of slavery

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25
Q

Creoles

A

People born in America

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26
Q

Mestizos

A

Mixed European/”Indian” descent

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27
Q

Cortez

A

Reached Tenochtitlan, received graciously. Seized emperor Montezuma and his men, forced to surrender, executed. He learned soon after that the Aztecs had plundered Veracruz.

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28
Q

Magellan

A

Circumnavigated the globe in 1520 due to a route from Atlantic to Pacific

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29
Q

Spanish/Portuguese agreement

A

1494 Line of Demarcation; globe divided in an imaginary north/south line.

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30
Q

Educational advances

A

Printing press, universities created

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31
Q

Potosi, Peru

A

Silver mines financed European projects of the Spanish King

32
Q

Increase of populations leads to…

A

Increase in food demand, new land cultivated, increase in cost of production, AGRICULTURAL PRICES RISE

THE PRICE REVOLUTION

33
Q

New Entrepreneurs (and examples)

A

Started as merchants, ended as bankers (like the Medicis or the Fuggers)

34
Q

putting out system

A

Entrepreneurs would send wok to country folk, eliminating the guild system.

35
Q

Labor Force in Labor system…

A

Worked when needed>Received pay>Little interest in task

36
Q

Factories lead to…

A

much larger businesses

37
Q

Entrepreneurs in Labor system…

A

Directed all affairs>No personal connection

38
Q

New Industries

A

Mining, Books, Cannons, Muskets, Printing Press, Ship building.
New monarchies had high demand for weapons, barracks, and uniforms.

39
Q

Bankers started charging this, which churches denounces.

A

Interest (as high as 30%)

40
Q

Interest rates go down as…

A

Banks become more established.

41
Q

The Bank of Amsterdam

A

an extremely safe place to put your money

42
Q

Industry (for banks)

A

Processes of production

43
Q

Producers (for banks)

A

Spinners, weavers

44
Q

Entrepreneurs (for banks)

A

where to be sold

45
Q

Mercantilism

A

Government policy to build up a strong and self-sufficient government.

46
Q

Mercantilism was opposed to…

A

Guilds and Localist views

47
Q

What was the status of French and English guilds?

A

England’s guilds have little importance.

France keeps their guilds for an easy tax.

48
Q

What was England’s goal at the time?

A

Set the poor to work.

49
Q

What is the importance of National Support?

A

Wanted to be back by monarchy, not just a city.

50
Q

Tariff Changes include

A

Wanting free trade, but it was difficult to break from traditions, except in England.

51
Q

East India Companies

A

Monopoly - only merchants that belong to company could legally engage in trade in that region

52
Q

Examples of National Markets

A

England (1600)
Dutch (1602)
French (1664)

53
Q

Europe was broken into four classes…

A

Aristocracy, middle class, agricultural peasants, working poor

54
Q

The agricultural peasants had two groups. One prospered…

A

Due to inflation of crop prices. Their manorial lord asked for the same price, but their prices went up. Called Yeomen in Britain.

55
Q

The agricultural peasants had two groups. One didn’t prosper…

A

These peasants depended on wages and therefore, didn’t become as wealthy.

56
Q

Lords of yeomen only did well if…

A

They received agriculture instead of a fixed sum of money, which was worth less due to inflation.

57
Q

The aristocracy broke into two types. The old type…

A

had refined tastes, emphasized education for children, family was badge of honor.

58
Q

The aristocracy broke into two types. The new type…

A

worked in the King’s service. They held government/military offices.

59
Q

Bourgeois

A

Middle class

60
Q

Middle class/bourgeois, was called in English…

A

The Burghers.

61
Q

During the Commercial Revolution, this class was gaining on the aristocracy.

A

The middle class.

62
Q

The catholic clergy was part of this class.

A

All of them.

63
Q

The Protestant clergy was part of this class.

A

Mostly middle class.

64
Q

The guild members were part of this class.

A

Middle class.

65
Q

The upper classes did better, and the poor did worse. Name some poor jobs.

A

Domestic service, water carriers, poop removers, stable boys, footmen, backup chambermaids, sailors.

66
Q

Education was…

A

Suddenly very important.

67
Q

In England, these schools starting popping up.

A

Grammar schools, equivalent to secondary schools.

68
Q

French’s grammar school

A

Colleges.

69
Q

Schools for girls were…

A

rare.

70
Q

Universities were everywhere, but mostly…

A

Spain

71
Q

Government helped form social classes in these ways.

A

Inhibited or promoted economic growth, government defined class, king could create nobles, nobles might have been exempt from taxes.

72
Q

Eastern Europe lords, aka…

A

Junkers

73
Q

In Eastern Europe, there was less of a…

A

Middle class.

74
Q

Most in the east fell into

A

Hereditary subjection, aka serfdom

75
Q

Serfs owed forced labor, which is called this, in Bohemia.

A

Robot

76
Q

Serfs could not do a lot of things without permission of their…

A

Lord

77
Q

However bad being a peasant was in the west,

A

Being a serf in the east was worse.

78
Q

During the Commercial Revolution, a country was doing poorly and one was doing better. Which ones?

A

Spain was doing poorly, and Dutch were doing phenomenally.

AP Euro (4 decks)

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