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Info 370 > Chapter 3 Section 1 (3.1) > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Section 1 (3.1) Flashcards

1
Q

Users of an enterprise’s data communication infrastructure will be able to share common

A

equipment, software, data

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2
Q

The two lower-level layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models are the:

A

physical layer and data link layer

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3
Q

The ________ layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models serve the same function in a very similar manner.

A

physical

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4
Q

) The ________ passes frames of data bits down to the ________.

A

data link layer, physical layer

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5
Q

A ________ is a specially formatted sequence of bits and occurs at the data link layer.

A

frame

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6
Q

Most networks make use of some type of digital ________ scheme.

A

encoding

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7
Q

A ________ defines a set of rules for representing how a 0 or 1 is to be represented

A

signaling method

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8
Q

A ________ connects the devices with the networks.

A

physical transmission medium

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9
Q

) A paper document such as a sales invoice has data that must be ________ into a form that a physical transmission medium can support.

A

encoded

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10
Q

Binary bits have to be further transformed into ________ form. This transformation turns the physical layer’s data bit stream into energy in the form of ________ signals.

A

electromagnetic, electromagnetic

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11
Q

The term ________ refers to a measure, form, or expression that is continuous and has a range of magnitude between one value and another.

A

analog

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12
Q

) ________ takes place when the height of a sound wave is manipulated to encode a binary 0 or 1.

A

Amplitude modulation

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13
Q

Amplitude modulation is measured in ________, depending on the type of signal

A

watts, volts, or amperes

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14
Q

Frequency modulation is also called ________.

A

frequency shift keying (FSK)

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15
Q

Frequency modulation also has an element called the ________, which is the amount of time, in seconds, that a signal needs to complete one cycle.

A

period

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16
Q

) Frequency is measured in hertz, kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, or ________.

A

terahertz

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17
Q

Kilo is the prefix for:

A

thousand

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18
Q

) A period is measured in seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds, or ________.

A

picoseconds

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19
Q

If the frequency unit is Gigahertz, the period unit is ________.

A

nanoseconds

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20
Q

If the frequency unit is Megahertz, the period unit is ________.

A

microseconds

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21
Q

Phase modulation is also called ________.

A

pihacular shift conveyance (PSC)

22
Q

Of the three modulation techniques, ________ modulation is the most susceptible to noise and distortion during transmission.

A

amplitude

23
Q

________ can be defined as the weakening of a signal’s strength as it travels through a circuit.

A

Attenuation

24
Q

Each bit signal sent in a digital transmission has a specific duration called a ________, or the time required to send one single bit.

A

bit interval

25
Q

Which encoding scheme is mostly obsolete because it is fairly primitive, has problems with synchronization, and cannot be used on media that do not support DC components?

A

unipolar

26
Q

Transmission mode is either serial or ________.

A

parallel

27
Q

Binary bits are used to represent digital data and are organized into units called ________

A

bytes

28
Q

Two widely used encoding schemes are ASCII and ________.

A

EBCDIC

29
Q

Of ASCII’s two versions (Standard ASCII, based on a seven-bit byte, and Extended ASCII, based on an eight-bit byte), which is used more often?

A

Extended ASCII

30
Q

Why is serial transmission mode more common?

A

It requires only one wire.

31
Q

Unicode uses a ________ character code that can support up to 64,000 different characters.

A

16-bit

32
Q

A ________ is the link that provides the physical means by which data are transferred.

A

circuit

33
Q

Circuit ________ means that the circuit’s entire capacity is reserved for the two communicating devices; no other devices can use that circuit.

A

dedication

34
Q

An automatic garage door opener is an example of the usage of a(n) ________.

A

point-to-point circuit

35
Q

A multipoint circuit configuration is also sometimes called ________.

A

multidrop

36
Q

Bandwidth is most akin to:

A

a river’s capacity

37
Q

With a(n) ________ circuit, bandwidth is the difference between the circuit’s highest and lowest frequencies

A

analog

38
Q

With a(n) ________ circuit, bandwidth is usually measured in bps (bits per second).

A

digital

39
Q

Data can flow over a circuit in three ways: ________, half-duplex, or full-duplex.

A

simplex

40
Q

With ________ communication, data travel in one direction only; data can be sent or received, but not both. The direction depends on the purpose of the communication.

A

simplex

41
Q

An example of ________ communication is the use of walkie-talkies that permit two users to speak or listen, but not both at the same time.

A

half-duplex

42
Q

An everyday example of ________ is a telephone conversation.

A

full-duplex

43
Q

Wired media are often referred to as ________; wireless media are often called ________.

A

conducted, radiated

44
Q

Four important physical layer components are:

A

(1) the signaling methods used for conveying or representing data and translating between them, (2) the circuit configuration used to carry the data, (3) the transmission medium used, wired or wireless, on which the circuits are based, and (4) the devices typically associated with this layer

45
Q

Analog signals can use copper wire or use transmission media such as fiber-optics or ________ (radio, microwave, infrared).

A

wireless

46
Q

With digital signaling, only two values are used, ________ and ________.

A

0, 1

47
Q

The symbol rate is also called the ________ rate

A

baud

48
Q

In simple signal modulation, one ________ is encoded per ________, so the ratio is one-to-one.

A

bit, symbol

49
Q

QAM is one popular combination method and stands for:

A

quadrature amplitude modulation

50
Q

In complex signal modulation, a single signal ________ can encode more than one ________.

A

symbol, bit

Info 370 (7 decks)

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