Chapter 1 Section 1 (1.1)

Question 1

What are the five evolution phases of data communications?

Answer 1

Digitization, growth of data communications, an era of deregulation, the Internet as a common tool, and pervasive computing

Question 2

In what year did computer technology begin to transform our social, economic, and governmental infrastructures?

Answer 2

1960s, when Internet became a core in our technology

Question 3

The technology used in the 1960s called ________ was/were very large and expensive and used proprietary architectures that did not support cross-platform communications.

Answer 3

mainframes

Question 4

The term ________ generally refers to a technology or product that is copyrighted and not available for use without some type of fee or payment to its owner.

Answer 4

Proprietary

Question 5

A series of legal battles, beginning in the late ________ and continuing into the ________, introduced an era of deregulation that in ________ resulted in the federally mandated breakup of Bell Telephone/AT&T into two components.

Answer 5

1960s, 1970s, 1984

Question 6

A key goal of ________ is to allow competitors to enter a market so that consumers in that market can have a wider selection of service providers from which to choose.

Answer 6

deregulation

Question 7

In 1958, in response to the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik, the U.S. Department of Defense established ________.

Answer 7

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

Question 8

The Internet mostly in use today, especially in the U.S., is known as version IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4). What is the next improved and enhanced Internet Protocol technology?

Answer 8

Internet protocol v6

Question 9

Data communications is formally considered as a subset of ________.

Answer 9

Telecommunications

Question 10

Telecommunications includes many different types of communication besides data, such as voice and video, and includes telephony, telegraphy, and television. Where does the prefix “tele” come from?

Answer 10

The Greek word for distance

Question 11

Telecommunications historically has supported other purposes beyond communications between ________ and ________.

Answer 11

computers, networks

Question 12

A number of ________, both national and international, specify how, where, when, what, and who can provide telecommunications services.

Answer 12

standards-setting bodies

Question 13

Today, the term data encompasses a much broader range of elements, no longer consisting of just numbers and text. What other elements might data include?

Answer 13

graphic images, sound files, or video elements

Question 14

One binary coding scheme in particular that will affect data communications technologies is ________.

Answer 14

Unicode

Question 15

What are the three questions that must be considered with regards to data communications?

Answer 15

(1) how the data are delivered, (2) how accurate the data are once delivered, and (3) how accessible the data are to those who need to use it

Question 16

A/an ________ is a set of rules that determine how something is performed or accomplished.

Answer 16

protocol

Question 17

In data communications, protocols must possess how many key characteristics in order for communications to successfully and effectively occur?

Answer 17

four

Question 18

When a sending device sends its data to a receiving device, the two devices must agree on the ________ of speed that will be used in the transmission.

Answer 18

rate

Question 19

When two devices need to communicate, one of the devices may not be available for a variety of reasons: hardware failure, a downed communication link, ________, or ________.

Answer 19

system repair, software upgrading

Question 20

Evolving data communications technologies, which are ________ or ________ depending on how one views them, are having dramatic effects on the ethical standards of conduct within our society.

Answer 20

invasive, pervasive

Question 21

If a business wants to be able to keep accurate records of its inventory, what should the business utilize?

Answer 21

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

Question 22

What are the two main types of standards?

Answer 22

formal and informal

Question 23

Standards provide well-known and published ________ upon which a technology can be based.

Answer 23

All of the above are correct:

• guidelines
• rules
• policies

Question 24

________ standards are either proprietary or nonproprietary.

Answer 24

De facto

Question 25

A famous example of a de facto standard that later became a formal standard is ________.

Answer 25

Ethernet protocol

Question 26

Ethernet was created by Xerox Corporation and later formalized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as what standard?

Answer 26

802.3

Question 27

ISO is one of the standards-setting bodies. ISO stands for ________.

Answer 27

International Standards Organization

Question 28

One of the major standards-setting body organizations is ANSI, which stands for ________.

Answer 28

American National Standards Institute

Question 29

The ISO attempts to create international technological compatibility by supporting and establishing worldwide ________.

Answer 29

standards

Question 30

The ________ defines many standards for both local area networks (LANs) and backbone networks.

Answer 30

IEEE

Question 31

The ________ is a nonprofit organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute to develop voluntary industry standards for a wide variety of telecommunications products.

Answer 31

TIA

Question 32

The ________ attempts to create international technological compatibility by supporting and establishing worldwide standards in the field of information technology.

Answer 32

ISO

Question 33

________ of a technology know that, by following standards, they will create a product of much greater appeal to their market of interest.

Answer 33

Developers

Question 34

________ of a technology appreciate standards because it makes for easier maintenance, upgrade, and troubleshooting of their technology infrastructures.

Answer 34

Managers

Question 35

The ________ is an open-member professional society, meaning you could join it if you wanted to. It is the closest the Internet has to an owning organization. It represents more than 100 countries.

Answer 35

ISOC

Question 36

The ________ is an international community, consisting of researchers, vendors, and network designers. Its concern is with the evolution of the Internet’s architecture and its efficient functioning.

Answer 36

IETF

Question 37

The ________ is responsible for actions associated with, and the final specifications of, Internet standards.

Answer 37

IESG

Question 38

The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) provides strategic direction and guidance to the IESG and the ________.

Answer 38

IETF

Question 39

The IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) governs the assignment of IP ________.

Answer 39

numbers

Question 40

The ________ oversees and authorizes interstate and international electrical communication systems originating in the U.S.

Answer 40

FCC

Question 41

The ________ plays a major role in ensuring that the national telephone system operates effectively.

Answer 41

FCC

Question 42

The ________ spearheaded the development of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and reviews performance standards for bridges, routers, and router protocols.

Answer 42

IETF

Question 43

The ________ plays a fundamental role in the defining of standards for electrical and functional characteristics of interface equipment.

Answer 43

TIA

Question 44

_______’s membership list includes industry associations, consumer groups, governmental bodies, professional associations, and other interested parties.

Answer 44

ANSI

Question 45

The ________ has established standards that define data transmission over phone lines, e-mail and directory services, and transmission over public digital networks.

Answer 45

ITU-T

Question 46

________ determine the speed at which sending and receiving devices can communicate based on the capabilities of each device.

Answer 46

Protocols