Chapter 3 second half Flashcards by Daniel Aaron

deficiency of GPI anchor leads to what

can’t link CD59 and DAF to PM

-paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

platelet activating factor function

platelet aggregation
vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction
-low concentration = vasodilation and venular permeability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

function of bradykinin

increase vascular permeability
contraction of SM
dilation of BVs
pain when injected into skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

substance P fnct

pain signals
regulate BP
increase vascular perm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

serous inflammation is marked by what and where

accumulation called what

exudation of cellpoor fluid into peritoneium, pleura, or pericardium
called effusion
blister from burn or viral infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fibrinous inflammation

increased vascular permeability of large molecules lke firbinogen get into extavascular space

meninges, lining of body cavities, pericardium, pleura
scarring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

purulent inflammation

caused by what and this is called what

also called suppurative, abscess

production of pus
bacteria can cause this (pyogenic)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

abscess morphology

central region with mass of necrotic leukocytes and tissue cells
-preserved neutrophils around necrotic focus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

causes of chronic inflammation

persistent infections
hypersensitivity disease
prolonged exposure to toxic agents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

morphology of chronic inflammation

lymphocytes, macrophages, plasmas cells
-fibrosis
tissue destruction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1/2 life of blood monocyte

lifespan of tissue macrophage

1 day

several months or years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

classical activation of macrophages induced by

endotoxins and IFN-y from lymphocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

alternative macrophage activation induced by

IL-4,IL-13

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tissue repair
anti-inflammatory

cytokines

GF, TGF-B

TGF-B,IL-10

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what recruits lymphocytes

TNF and IL-1 from macrophages

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Th1 cells secrete

INF-y

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

TH2 cells secrtete

IL-4,5,13

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Th17 secretes and role

IL-17, which induces secretion of chemokines responsible for recruiteing neutrphils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

macrophages display antigen to T lymphocytes and secrete ____ which activates lymphocytes to secrete ___

IL-12, IFN-y

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

granulomatous inflammation cells

collection of activated macrophages often with T lymphocytes
central necrosis

activated macrophages can develop abundant cytoplasm = epitheloid cels

some activated macrophages fuse = giant cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 types of granulomas

foreign body: no T cells
-epitheloid and giant cells apposed to surface of foreign body susch as talc, sutures, fibers

immune granulomas
-t cell mediatged, when agent hard to get rid of

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

morphology of granulomas

activated macrophages have pink granular cytoplasm
giant cells
central cell nuecrosis in tuberculosis: caseous necrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

granulomas in crohn disease, sarcoidosis, and foreign body reactions don’t have what

necrotic centers

-noncaseating

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

acute phase repsonse (5)

fever
acute phase proteins
leukocytosis
septic shock in severe infections
other manifestations: increased pulse and BP, decreased swet, anorexia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fever path to prostaglandin

LPS-->leukocyte release TNF and IL-1 which increases COX which leads to PGE2

acute phase proteins

CRP, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A

what stimulates CRP and fibrinogen

IL-6

what stimulates serum amyloid A

IL-1 and TNF

elevated CRP marker for

risk of myocardial infarction

too much hepcidin in acute phase resonse can cause

anemia

fibrinogen binds ___ and causes them to make stacks, this is called

red cells | erythrocyte sedimentation

leukocytosis from where and from what stim

post mitotic reserve pool in bone marrow TNF and IL-1 proliferation of precursors in bone marrow from CSF

septic shock is induced by high

TNF and IL-1

repair of damaged tissue occurs by 2 types of rxns

regeneration of proliferation of uninured cells | maturation of tissue stem cells and deposition of CT to form scar

cells that proliferate during tissue repair

injured tissue vascular endothelial cells fibroblasts

tissues of body in 3 groups for regeneration

labile: continuosly lost and replaced: epithelial cells stable tissues: divide in response to injury: liver, kidney, pancreas permanent tissue: neurons, cardiac m, and skeletal m

liver regeneration steps

proliferation of remaining hepatocytes | repopulation from progenitor cells

priming in proliferation of hepatocytes

TNF acts on kuppfer cell which releases IL-6 IL-6 acts on hepatocyte which changes from G0 to G1 EGFR now on cell surface which binds TGFa and EGF MET now on surface and binds HGF ligands bind = proliferation

repair of tissue by CT deposition steps

angiogenesis -formation of new BV with VEGF, causes edema formation of granulation tissue -fibroblasts migrate and proliferate, lay down Type III collagen remodeling of CT

angiogenesis steps

vasodilation from NO, increased vasc perm VEFG separation of pericytes from abluminal surface and breakdown of BM migration of endothelial cells toward area of tissue injury prolif endothelial cells behind lead tip migrating cells remodeling cap tubes recruitment of periendothelial celsl from mature vessels suppression endothelial prolif and migration and depostion of BM

structural maturation of new vessels | recruitment pericytes and SM cells and deposition of CT

angiopoietins 1 and 2

___ cross talks with VEGF to regulate sprouting and brancheing of new vessels

Notch

matrix metalloproteinases require what for activity

zinc

what inactivates MMPs

TIMPs from mesenchymal cells

healing by first intention | layer involved

only epithelial layer involved

process of healing by first intention first step

1) wounding causes coag pathway and blood clot with proteins, acts as scaffold for migrating cells, release VEGF

within 24 hours first intention

neutrophils arrive and release enzyme to clrear debris | basal cells increase mitotic activity

24-48 hours first intention

epithelial cells from both edges migrate and proliferate along dermis depositing BM along way until meat beneath surface of scab = close wond

day 3 first intention

macrophages replace neutrophils granulation tissue invades space collagen and epthelial cell prolif

day 5 first intention

neovascularization reaches peak edema through vessels fibroblasts migrate adn proliferate

second week first intention

continued collagen accumulation | edema and leukocytes down

end of first month first intention

scar mainly Ct | devoid of inflammatory cells

healing by second intetion

tissue loss more extensive type III collagen at first then collagen I after 2 weeks wound contraction from myofibroblasts

wound ulceration from

inadequate vascularization during healing

rupture of wound occurs when most commonly

after abdominal surgery

hypertrophic scar

scar tissue grows beyond boundaries of original wound and called keloid

keloid

in individuals with predisposition | african americans

exuberant granulation

excessive granulation tissue blocks reepitheliazation proud flesh

desmoids or aggressive fibromatoses

between benign and malignant

contraction in size of wound abnormality

exaggeration gives rise to contracture and results in deformities of wound surround tssue -after serious burn