Chapter 3: Rocks Flashcards
basaltic
dense, heavy, dark colored igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron
cementation
process of sedimentary rock formation in which large sediments are held together by natural cements produced when water soaks through rock and soil
compaction
formation of solid sedimentary rock in which layers of small sediments build up and are squeezed together by the weight of the overlying sediment layers
extrusive
type of igneous rock with fine grained texture that is formed as lava cools quickly at or near Earth’s surface
foliated
type of metamorphic rock, such as slate, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers when exposed to heat and pressure
granitic
light- colored, silica-rich igneous rock of a lower density than basaltic rock
igneous rock
rock formed from fast-cooling lava at or near Earth’s surface (extrusive) and from slow-cooling magma deep inside Earth (intrusive)
intrusive
type of igneous rock with large mineral grains that is formed from slow-cooling magma beneath Earth’s surface
lava
thick, gooey, molten material known as magma when it reaches Earth’s surface and flows from volcanoes
metamorphic rock
rock that forms because of changes in temperature and pressure, or the presence of hot, watery fluids in igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock
non foliated
type of metamorphic rock, such as marble, whose material grains grow and rearrange when exposed to heat and pressure but do not form layers
rock
mixture of one or more minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter
rock cycle
continuous process by which sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks are changed from one form to another by means such as weathering, erosion, compaction, melting, and cooling
sedimentary rock
clusters of loose materials, such as rock fragments, minerals dissolved in water, and the remains of once-living plants and animals, that have been moved by wind, water, gravity, or ice
