Ch. 10 Earthquakes

Question 1

earthquake

Answer 1

vibrations caused by breaking rocks along faults, most result from plates moving over, under, and past each other

Question 2

epicenter

Answer 2

point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus

Question 3

fault

Answer 3

surface along which rocks break and move

Question 4

focus

Answer 4

in an earthquake, the point beneath Earth’s surface where energy release occurs

Question 5

magnitude

Answer 5

measure of the energy released by an earthquake

Question 6

normal fault

Answer 6

break in rock due to tension forces, where rock above the fault surface moves downward in relation to rock below the fault surface

Question 7

primary wave

Answer 7

waves that travel outward from an earthquake’s focus and cause particles in rocks to move back and forth in the same direction

Question 8

reverse fault

Answer 8

break in rock due to compression forces, where rocks above the fault surface move upward and over the rocks below the fault surface

Question 9

secondary wave

Answer 9

waves that travel outward from an earthquake’s focus and move through Earth by causing particles in rocks to vibrate

Question 10

seismic wave

Answer 10

energy waves that are produced at and travel outward from the earthquake focus

Question 11

seismograph

Answer 11

device used by seismologists to record primary, secondary, and surface waves from earthquakes

Question 12

strike-slip fault

Answer 12

break in rock due to shearing forces, where rocks on either side of the fault surface move past each other

Question 13

surface wave

Answer 13

waves of energy that reach Earth’s surface during an earthquake, travel outward from the epicenter, and move rock particles up and down and side to side

Question 14

tsunami

Answer 14

powerful seismic sea wave that can travel thousands of kilometers in all directions and that begins over an earthquake focus