Chapter 3 (Quiz 3 Portion) Flashcards
Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes, Inter-process Communication, Examples of IPC Systems, Communication in Client-Server Systems.
What is a Process?
A program in execution.
A Process execution must progress in what fashion?
A sequential fashion.
What is a Stack?
Containing temporary data, Functions parameter, return addresses & local variables.
What is a Heap?
Containing memory dynamically allocated during run time.
A Program is a passive entity. (True or False)
True.
A Process is a active entity. (True or False)
True.
When does a program become a process?
When an executable file is loaded into memory.
One program can be several processes. (True or False)
True.
What are the 5 process states?
1- New.
2- Running.
3- Waiting.
4- Ready.
5- Terminated.
What is the New process state?
The process is being created.
What is the Running process state?
Instructions are being executed.
What is the Waiting process state?
The process is waiting for some event to occur.
What is the Ready process state?
The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor.
What is the Terminated process state?
The process has finished execution.
What is Process Control Block?
Information for each process.
What is another name for Process Control Block?
Task Control Block.
What is a Process Scheduler?
selects among available processes for next execution on CPU.
What is a Short-Term Scheduler?
Also known as CPU Scheduler, selects which process should be executed next and allocates CPU.
What is a Long-Term scheduler?
Also known as Job scheduler, selects which processes should be brought into the ready queue.
What is a Medium-Term scheduler?
Can be added if degree of multiple programming needs to decrease.
What is Swapping?
Remove process from memory, store on disk, bring back in from disk to continue execution.
What are the IOS (IPhone) process?
1- Single foreground process for user interface.
2- Multiple background processes for memory and running.
What is the Android (Samsung) process?
Runs foreground and background, with fewer limits.
What are the Resource sharing options for Process Creation?
1- Parent and children share all resources.
2- Children share subset of parent’s resources.
3- Parent and child share no resources.
What are the Execution options for Process Creation?
1- Parent and children execute concurrently.
2- Parent waits until children terminate.
What is Process Termination?
Process executes last statement and then asks the operating system to delete it using the exit() system call.
What are the 3 processes for Google Chrome Browser?
1- Browser.
2- Renderer.
3- Plug-in.
What is “Independent process” ?
process cannot affect or be affected by the execution of another process.
What is “Cooperating process” ?
process can affect or be affected by the execution of another process.
What are the Reasons or Advantages of cooperation process?
1- Information sharing.
2- Speed-up.
3- Modularity.
4- Convenience.
What is needed for implementation of a physical communication link?
1- Shared memory.
2- Hardware bus.
3- Network.
What is needed for implementation of a logical communication link?
1- Direct or Indirect.
2- Synchronous or Asynchronous.
3- Automatic or explicit buffering.
What happens to the following in terms of “Direct Communication” ?
Send (A, message) : _________________________.
Receive (B, message) : _________________________.
Send (A, message) : send a message to process A.
Receive (B, message) : receive a message from process B.
What are the properties of “Direct” communication links?
1- Links are established automatically.
2- A link is associated with exactly one pair of communicating processes.
3- Between each pair there exists exactly one link.
4- The link may be unidirectional, but is usually bi-directional.
What happens to the following in terms of “Indirect Communication” ?
Send (C, message) : _________________________.
Receive (C, message) : _________________________.
Send (C, message) : send a message to mailbox C.
Receive (C, message) : receive a message from mailbox C.
What are the properties of “Indirect” communication links?
1- Link established only if processes share a common mailbox.
2- A link may be associated with many processes.
3- Each pair of processes may share several communication links.
4- Link may be unidirectional or bi-directional.
What is “Blocking” considered?
Its considered Synchronous.
What happens in “Blocking send”?
The sender is blocked until the message is received.
What happens in “Blocking receive”?
The receiver is blocked until a message is available.
What is “Non-blocking” considered?
Its considered Asynchronous.
What happens in “Non-blocking send”?
The sender sends the message and continue.
What happens in “Non-blocking receive”?
The receiver receives:
- A valid message or Null message.
What are the communications in Client-Server Systems?
1- Sockets.
2- Remote Procedure Calls.
2- Pipes.
4- Remote Method Invocation (Java).
What is a “Socket”?
An endpoint for communication.
What are “Pipes”?
Acts as a channel allowing two processes to communicate.
