Chapter 1 (Quiz 2 Portion) Flashcards
Computer-System Architecture, Operating System, Computing Environments, Process Management Structure, Performance of Various Levels of Storage.
What if “Cache” is checked to determine if it has information?
1- if it has information, Information is used directly from the Cache.
2- if it doesn’t have information, Data copied to cache and used there.
What is “Multiprocessors Systems” also known as?
1- parallel systems.
2- tightly-coupled systems.
What are the advantages of the “Multiprocessors Systems” ?
1- Increased throughput.
2- Economy of scale.
3- Increased reliability.
What are the types of “Multiprocessing Systems”?
1- Asymmetric Multiprocessing (each processor is assigned a special task)
2- Symmetric Multiprocessing (each processor performs all tasks)
What is “Clustered Systems”?
Multiple systems working together sharing storage via a storage-area network.
What are the types of “Clustered Systems”?
1- Asymmetric clustering (has one machine in hot-standby mode)
2- Symmetric clustering (has multiple nodes running applications, monitoring each other)
What is the difference between “Multiprogramming” & “Timesharing” ?
1- Multiprogramming :-
- batch system.
- job scheduling.
- For mainframes.
2- Timesharing :-
- Multitasking.
- Interactive.
- For windows.
What is “Dual-mode” ?
An operation that allows OS to protect itself and other system components.
What are the modes in “Dual-mode” ?
1- User mode.
2- Kernel mode.
What does the “Mode bit” provides in Dual-mode?
1- to know which mode is running.
2- gives privilege to kernel mode.
3- it changes between the modes.
What is a process?
A program in execution.
A Program is a Passive entity. (True or False)
True.
A Process is a Active entity. (True or False)
True.
What are the resources of a Process?
1- CPU.
2- Memory.
3- Input.
4- Output.
5- Files.
6- Data.
What does Process termination require?
Reclaim of any reusable resources.
What are the OS activities for Process management?
1- Creating and deleting both user and system processes.
2- Suspending and resuming processes.
3- Providing mechanisms for process synchronization, communication and deadlock.
What are the OS activities for Memory management?
1- Keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom.
2- Deciding which processes and data to move into and out of memory.
3- Allocating and deallocating memory space.
What are the OS activities for Storage management?
1- Creating and deleting files and directories.
2- Primitives to manipulate files and directories.
3- Mapping files onto secondary storage.
4- Backup.
What are the OS activities for Mass-Storage management?
1- Free-space management.
2- Storage allocation.
3- Disk scheduling.
What is the Typical size for Registers? its managed by? its backed by?
Typical size : < (Less than) 1 KB.
Managed by : Compiler.
Backed by : Cache.
What is the Typical size for Cache? its managed by? its backed by?
Typical size : < (Less than) 16 MB.
Managed by : Hardware.
Backed by : Main memory.
What is the Typical size for Main memory? its managed by? its backed by?
Typical size : < (Less than) 64 GB.
Managed by : OS (Operating system).
Backed by : Disk.
What is the Typical size for Solid state disk? its managed by? its backed by?
Typical size : < (Less than) 1 TB.
Managed by : OS (Operating system).
Backed by : Disk
What is the Typical size for Magnetic disk? its managed by? its backed by?
Typical size : < (Less than) 10 TB.
Managed by : OS (Operating system).
Backed by : Disk or Tape.
What is Protection?
Any mechanism for controlling access of processes or users to resources defined by the OS.
What is Security?
Defense of the system against internal and external attacks.
Give examples of Computing Environments (7 at least) :-
1- Traditional.
2- Mobile.
3- Distributed.
4- Client-Server.
5- Peer-to-Peer.
6- Virtualization.
7- Cloud Computing.
8- Real-Time Embedded System.
9- Open-Source OS.
What are Traditional Computing Environments ?
stand-alone general purpose machines.
What are Mobile Computing Environments ?
Handheld smartphones, tablets, etc.
What are Distributed Computing Environments ?
Systems networked together.
What are the TCP/IP network in Distributed ?
1- Local area network.
2- Wide are network.
3- Metropolitan area network.
4- Personal area network.
What is Peer-to-Peer Computing Environment?
Another model of Distributed system.
How does Peer-to-Peer not distinguish clients and servers?
1- All nodes are considered peers.
2- May each act as client, server or both.
3- Node must join P2P network.
What is Virtualization Computing Environment?
Allows operating systems to run applications within other OSes.
What is an example of Virtualization?
Apple laptop running MAC OS X host, Windows as guest.
What is Cloud Computing?
Delivers computing, storage, applications as a service across a network.
Example of Real-Time Embedded Systems?
Real-Time Operating System (OS) .
