Chapter 3 Pt. 1 Flashcards
What is Carbon used to build?
Organic Compounds or biological macromolecules such as: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid; MANY other things. Carbon is also used in storage compounds and cell formation in all organisms.
What is Nitrogen used to build?
Proteins and nucleic acids
What is phosphorus used to build?
Nucleic acids and certain lipids
Valence Electrons
Unpaired electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
Hydrocarbons
A lot of what we use to fuel our lives. Organic molecules consisting of only carbon & hydrogen. Can undergo reactions that release a large amount of energy
Isomers
Compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same element, but different in structure, therefore have different properties
Structural Isomers
Different in the covalent arrangement of their atoms
Cis-trans isomers
Differ in their spatial arrangement due to the inflexibility of a double bond
Enantiomers
Differ in spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon. An L isomer is a left-handed isomer (the hydrogen is on the left). A D Isomer is a right-handed isomer (the hydrogen is on the right)
Cis Fats
Generally good for health unless consumed in unreasonably high quantities. Occur naturally. Usually low, some Cis Fats are liquid at room temperature
Trans Fats
Detrimental - lowers good cholesterol (HDL) and increases the level of bad cholesterol (LDL) in the body. harmful to heart health could cause cardiac death. While some natural trans fats occur in meat and dairy products, the majority of trans fats come from processed foods. usually high, trans fats, like saturated fats, are solid at room temperature.
Functional Groups
Chemical groups that affect colecule function by being directly involved in chemical reactions
ATP
An important source of energy for cellular process. adenosine triphosphate
Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks
Monomers
The building-block molecules in polymers
