Chapter 2 Pt. 1

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 3

Emergent Properties

Answer 3

A compound has chemical and physical properties different from the elements that make them. Ex. You are made of hydrogen and oxygen, but when they are combined it creates an entirely different reaction

Question 4

Essential Elements

Answer 4

Needed by an organism to live a healthy life and reproduce

Question 5

Trace Elements

Answer 5

Required to live a healthy life and reproduce only in minute quantities

Question 6

What can humans develop from an iron deficiency?

Answer 6

Anemia .A condition where blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. What makes our blood red

Question 7

What can humans develop from an iodine deficiency?

Answer 7

Goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland.

Question 8

Atom

Answer 8

Basic unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Question 9

Atomic Number

Answer 9

The amount of protons in the atom of the element

Question 10

Atomic Mass

Answer 10

The mass of the nucleus (protons + neutrons) of the element

Question 11

Isototope

Answer 11

An atom of the same element that has different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. Identified by mass number

Question 12

Radioactive Isotopes

Answer 12

Have nuclei that break down at a constant rate over time, giving off energy

Question 13

Energy

Answer 13

The capacity to cause change, maybe, by doing work

Question 14

Potential Energy

Answer 14

Energy that matter possess due to its location or structure

Question 15

Energy level

Answer 15

An electrons state of potential energy

Question 16

Valence Shells

Answer 16

Chemical behavior of an atom depends mostly on the number of electrons in this outermost shell

Question 17

Valence Electrons

Answer 17

Those that occupy the valence shell. They are most likely to form ionic bonds, because it means that they can lose an electron in the outer shell to the ones with paired electrons.

Question 18

Chemical Bonds

Answer 18

The sharing or transferring of valence Electrons from atoms with incomplete valence shells. Can be ionic or covalent

Question 19

Covalent Bonds

Answer 19

The sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms, creates molecules. Three types of these: Single bond, Double bond, and Triple bond

Question 20

Electronegativity

Answer 20

An atoms attraction for the electron in a covalent bond. When you have more electrons than the other.

Question 21

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 21

The atoms share the electron equally

Question 22

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 22

One atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally

Question 23

Ionic Bonds

Answer 23

When a more electronegative atom takes an electron away from its partner to create ionic compounds or salts. The chemical bond that is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Bully

Question 24

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 24

When a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom. Type of bond when a hydrogen atom creates a weak attraction to an electronegative atom of another molecule

Question 25

Chemical Reaction

Answer 25

Process that changes one set of chemicals into another

Question 26

Reactants

Answer 26

Elements or compounds that enter the chemical reaction

Question 27

Products

Answer 27

Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction