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PSY240 > Chapter 3: Psychological Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Psychological Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Reliability

A

test, measurement, or classification that produces the same scientific observation each time it applies

Consistency of measurement

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2
Q

Types of Reliability

A
  1. Inter-rater reliability
  2. Test-retest reliability
  3. Alternative-form reliability
  4. Internal consistency reliability
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3
Q

Inter-rater reliability

A

two independent observers or judges agree

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4
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

taking the same test twice in the same way

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5
Q

Alternate-form reliability

A

scores on two different forms of a test are consistent

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6
Q

Internal consistency reliability

A

the items on the test are related to one another (interconnected)

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7
Q

Validity

A

does the measure fulfill its intended goal?

Validity is related to reliability

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8
Q

Types of Validity

A
  1. Content Validity
  2. Criterion Validity
  3. Construct Validity
  4. Case Validity
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9
Q
  1. Content Validity
A

The measure adequately samples the domain of interest.

Events that actually occurred and not represented.

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10
Q
  1. Criterion Validity
A

whether a measure is associated in an expected way with some other measure

the results from the measurement would be expected

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11
Q

Concurrent Validity

A

both variables are measured at the same point in time

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12
Q

Predictive Validity

A

The measure’s ability to predict some other variable that is measured in the future

Ex) IQ tests to predict future school performance

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13
Q
  1. Construct Validity
A

Scores or ratings on a test instrument relate to other variables or behavior according to some theory or hypothesis

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14
Q
  1. Case Validity
A

The validity of the interpretations and decisions made with respect to a particular person

Situation vs. maximal situations

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15
Q

What are the major psychological assessment models?

A
  1. Interviews

2. Psychological Tests

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16
Q

What are the types of interviews?

A
  1. Clinical Interviews (Conversational)

2. Structured (Questionnaire in a book)

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17
Q

What are the types of psychological testings?

A
  1. Personality Tests
  2. Projective Personality Tests
  3. Tests of Cognition
  4. Intelligence Tests
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18
Q
  1. Personality Tests
A

Self-report questionnaire

MMPI

19
Q
  1. Projective Personality Tests
A 
Rorschach Test (Inkblot)
Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)
20
Q
  1. Test of Cognition
A

Self-report questionnaire that typically focuses on a single cognitive characteristic

E.g. DAS (Dysfunctional Attitude Scale)
E.g. Fear of Negative Evaluation
E.g. IUS (Intolerance Uncertainty Scale)

21
Q

Intelligence Tests

A

Assessing a person’s current mental ability

E.g. IQ Test

22
Q

What are the types of biological assessments?

A
  1. Brain Imaging
  2. Neuropsychological Testing
  3. Psychophysiological Measures
23
Q
  1. Brain Imaging
A 
CT Scan (structure of brain)
MRI (structure of brain)
fMRI (has to do with blood flow)
PET Scan (Radioactive)
24
Q
  1. Neuropsychological Testing
A

Behavioral tests such as:

  1. Reitan Modification of a battery
  2. Luria - Nebraska Battery

Assess motor speed, memory, and spacial ability.

25
Q
  1. Psychophysiological assessment
A

Definition: Bodily changes that accompany psychological events.

  1. Electrocardiogram (heart)
  2. Electrodermal responding (skin)
  3. EEG or Electroencephalogram (brain area)
26
Q

DSM - 5 Consistencies (5 types)

A
  1. Research
  2. Clinical Practice
  3. Pharmaceutical Industry
  4. Legal System
  5. General Public
27
Q

Classification

A

Grouping according to shared qualities or characteristics (e.g., symptoms)

28
Q

Diagnosis

A

Identifying the nature of an illness by examining symptoms

29
Q

Categorical Classification

A

a yes-or-no approach to classification.

Does the client have schizophrenia or not?

30
Q

Dimensional Classification

A

The classified must be ranked on a quantitative dimension

E.g. scale from 1-to-10 (threshold measurement)

31
Q

Values and Benefits of Classification

A
  1. Clinicians can communicate accurately with each other
  2. Necessary for research on causes and treatments
  3. Helpful in determining effective treatment plans
  4. May lead to better access to treatment
  5. Could have positive effects on a person (knowledge, acceptance)
32
Q

Criticisms of Classification

A
  1. Results in loss of information and reduces a person’s uniqueness
  2. We could be grouping people together based on trivial factors while ignoring important difference
  3. Benefits some constituencies more than others
  4. Could have negative effects on a person (stigma)
33
Q

Two components of reliability

A
  1. Sensitivity (presence of diagnosis)

2. Specificity (absence of diagnosis)

34
Q

Controversial Changes in the DSM-5

A
  1. Autism spectrum disorders
  2. Disruptive mood disorder
  3. Removal of Bereavement
  4. Personality Disorder
  5. Non-suicidal, self-injury (omitted)
35
Q

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

A 
Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective disorder
Brief psychotic disorder
Schizophreniform disorder
Delusional disorder
36
Q

Bipolar and related disorders

A

Bipolar I/II disorder, cyclothymic disorder

37
Q

Depressive disorder

A

Major depressive disorder, panic disorder

38
Q

OCRD

A

OCD, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder

39
Q

Trauma-and stressor-related disorder

A

PTSD, acute stress disorder, adjustment disorders, reactive attachment disorder

40
Q

Feeding and eating disorders

A

Pica, rumination disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder

41
Q

Substance-related and addictive disorders

A

Alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, opioid use disorder

42
Q

Personality disorders

A

Antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, dependent

43
Q

Components of the DSM

A
  1. Diagnostic Classification (list of all disorders)
  2. Diagnostic Criteria (list of symptoms)
  3. Descriptive Text (information and measures)
44
Q

Criticism of the DSM

A
  1. Exclusivity and Bias
  2. Hypothetical constructs, cannot be proven
  3. Medicalizes and pathologizes normal behavior
  4. Some disorders are not recognized
  5. Not sensitive to situational and cultural contexts

PSY240 (4 decks)

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