Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn

Question 1

the 3 periods of prenatal development are

Answer 1

zygote, embryo, and fetus

Question 2

a zygote is _ _______ ____ and the period of the zygote lasts for the _____ ______ ______ of pregnancy

Answer 2

a fertilized egg; first 2 weeks

Question 3

in the period of the zygote, the fertilized egg becomes a fluid filled ball called a

Answer 3

blastocyst

Question 4

the last event in the period of the zygote is…

Answer 4

implantation

Question 5

the second period of prenatal development…

Answer 5

embryo

Question 6

the period of the embryo lasts for __ weeks

Answer 6

6

Question 7

what key events take place in the period of the embryo?

Answer 7

arms, legs, face. organs, and muscles begin to develop

Question 8

at what period does the heart begin beating?

Answer 8

embryonic stage

Question 9

what is arguably the most important stage of prenatal development?

Answer 9

embryonic

Question 10

the third period of prenatal development is

Answer 10

the fetus

Question 11

the stage of the fetus lasts for __ weeks

Answer 11

30

Question 12

At what stage of prenatal development is there a risk of deformities?

Answer 12

embryonic

Question 13

the second trimester lasts from __ months to __ months

Answer 13

3, 6

Question 14

what is a teratogen?

Answer 14

an environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period

Question 15

at what point are all major organs formed?

Answer 15

the end of the 2nd trimester/6 months

Question 16

when in pregnancy does the mother feel tired, nauseous, experience breast changes and experience emotional changes?

Answer 16

the first trimester

Question 17

when do pregnant mothers report feeling the best?

Answer 17

during the second trimester

Question 18

when do expectant mothers feel the most uncomfortable?

Answer 18

the third trimester

Question 19

what does it mean if a baby is pre-term?

Answer 19

that it was born weeks before due-date. May or may not be appropriate weight for length of pregnancy

Question 20

what does it mean if a baby is small-for-date?

Answer 20

below expected weight for length of pregnancy. may be born at due date or pre-term

Question 21

1st world cultures with low infant mortality rates have high rates of ________ and adults who ______ and _____ ____ ____ ___.

Answer 21

co-sleeping/excercise/watch what they eat.

Question 22

the high infant mortality weight in the U.S. is attributed to

Answer 22

misinformation

Question 23

24 weeks into pregnancy, the fetus has what chance of survival?

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

in what stage of pregnancy does the fetus gain the most weight? about how much weight at this time?

Answer 24

third trimester, about 5lbs

Question 25

what is the APGAR scale and what does it stand for?

Answer 25

``` it is an over all assessment of health at birth. Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration ```

Question 26

what are the 8 newborn reflexes that doctors look for?

Answer 26

``` eye blinking rooting sucking moro palmar grasp tonic neck stepping babinski ```

Question 27

infant states of arousal (6)

Answer 27

``` regular sleep irregular sleep drowsiness quiet alertness waking activity crying ```

Question 28

newborns prefer ________ tastes at birth

Answer 28

sweet

Question 29

T/F: newborns can identify and locate their mother by smell from birth

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Do newborns prefer complex sounds or pure tones?

Answer 30

Complex sounds

Question 31

it seems that newborns are ________ _______ to learn language

Answer 31

biologically prepared

Question 32

Why do newborns have such poor vision? when does their vision improve?

Answer 32

because of underdeveloped structures in the eyes and brain. about 2 months.

Question 33

How do newborns respond to visual stimulus?

Answer 33

they track moving objects and scan environment

Question 34

what four factors can determine the damage done by teratogens?

Answer 34

dose heredity age other negative influences also present