Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Flashcards
the 3 periods of prenatal development are
zygote, embryo, and fetus
a zygote is _ _______ ____ and the period of the zygote lasts for the _____ ______ ______ of pregnancy
a fertilized egg; first 2 weeks
in the period of the zygote, the fertilized egg becomes a fluid filled ball called a
blastocyst
the last event in the period of the zygote is…
implantation
the second period of prenatal development…
embryo
the period of the embryo lasts for __ weeks
6
what key events take place in the period of the embryo?
arms, legs, face. organs, and muscles begin to develop
at what period does the heart begin beating?
embryonic stage
what is arguably the most important stage of prenatal development?
embryonic
the third period of prenatal development is
the fetus
the stage of the fetus lasts for __ weeks
30
At what stage of prenatal development is there a risk of deformities?
embryonic
the second trimester lasts from __ months to __ months
3, 6
what is a teratogen?
an environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period
at what point are all major organs formed?
the end of the 2nd trimester/6 months
when in pregnancy does the mother feel tired, nauseous, experience breast changes and experience emotional changes?
the first trimester
when do pregnant mothers report feeling the best?
during the second trimester
when do expectant mothers feel the most uncomfortable?
the third trimester
what does it mean if a baby is pre-term?
that it was born weeks before due-date. May or may not be appropriate weight for length of pregnancy
what does it mean if a baby is small-for-date?
below expected weight for length of pregnancy. may be born at due date or pre-term
1st world cultures with low infant mortality rates have high rates of ________ and adults who ______ and _____ ____ ____ ___.
co-sleeping/excercise/watch what they eat.
the high infant mortality weight in the U.S. is attributed to
misinformation
24 weeks into pregnancy, the fetus has what chance of survival?
50%
in what stage of pregnancy does the fetus gain the most weight? about how much weight at this time?
third trimester, about 5lbs
what is the APGAR scale and what does it stand for?
it is an over all assessment of health at birth. Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration
what are the 8 newborn reflexes that doctors look for?
eye blinking rooting sucking moro palmar grasp tonic neck stepping babinski
infant states of arousal (6)
regular sleep irregular sleep drowsiness quiet alertness waking activity crying
newborns prefer ________ tastes at birth
sweet
T/F: newborns can identify and locate their mother by smell from birth
True
Do newborns prefer complex sounds or pure tones?
Complex sounds
it seems that newborns are ________ _______ to learn language
biologically prepared
Why do newborns have such poor vision? when does their vision improve?
because of underdeveloped structures in the eyes and brain. about 2 months.
How do newborns respond to visual stimulus?
they track moving objects and scan environment
what four factors can determine the damage done by teratogens?
dose
heredity
age
other negative influences also present
