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Lifespan Psychology > Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies > Flashcards

Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 types of patterns does lifespan development study?

A

Growth, change, and stability

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2
Q

Lifespan development psychology seeks to understand how and why people _____________ over the course of their entire lives

A

change or stay the same

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3
Q

to say that the lifespan is continuous would mean that…

A

change is steady and gradual

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4
Q

to say that the lifespan is discontinuous would mean that….

A

there are rapid stages of change with stable periods in between.

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5
Q

Nature vs Nurture means

A

The argument as to whether personality is inborn and biological or if it is formed by physical and social influences

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6
Q

the lifespan perspective says that change is… (5 traits)

A

lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, highly plastic, and influenced by multiple, interacting forces.

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7
Q

correlational research reveals…

A

relationships between variables

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8
Q

experimental research reveals…

A

cause and effect relationships

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9
Q

a weakness of correlational research is…

A

that it does not reveal cause-effect relationships

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10
Q

a weakness of experimental research is…

A

that it may not have real-world application

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11
Q

infancy and toddlerhood lasts

A

from birth to 2 years

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12
Q

early childhood lasts

A

from 2-6 years

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13
Q

late childhood lasts

A

from 6-11 years

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14
Q

adolescence lasts

A

From 11 to 18 years

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15
Q

early adulthood lasts

A

from 18-40 years

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16
Q

middle adulthood lasts

A

from 40-65 years

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17
Q

late adulthood lasts

A

from 65-death

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18
Q

the variable that the experimentor changes between groups in an experiment is

A

the independent variable

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19
Q

what is naturalistic observation?

A

a method of systematic observation where behavior is observed in natural contexts

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20
Q

a strength of naturalistic observation is

A

that it reflects participants’ everyday lives

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21
Q

a limitation of naturalistic observation

A

is that conditions cannot be controlled

22
Q

___________ Is a type of systematic observation that takes place in a lab, where conditions are the same for all participants

A

structured observation

23
Q

a strength of structured observation

A

is that it grants each participant has an equal opportunity to display the behavior of interest

24
Q

weakness of structured observation

A

is that it may not yield observations typical of everyday life

25
Q

what is a clinical interview?

A

type of self-reporting method where researchers use a flexible, conversational style to probe the participant’s point of view.

26
Q

strength of the clinical interview…

A

it comes as close as possible to the way participants really think. a great deal of info is obtained in a short time

27
Q

weakness of clinical interview…

A

flexible procedure makes it difficult to compare individuals’ responses and it may not result in accurate info.

28
Q

what is the clinical/case study?

A

a method that brings together a wide range of information on one individual obtained by combining interviews, observations, and test scores

29
Q

what is a strength/weakness of the clinical/case study?

A

strength: rich, complete description of development.
weakness: may be biased, findings cannot be widely applied.

30
Q

define: stages

A

qualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that characterize specific periods of development.

31
Q

what is ethnography?

A

participant observation of a culture or distinct social group; by making extensve field notes, the researcher tries to capture the culture’s unique values and social processes

32
Q

strength/weakness of ethnography?

A

strength: rich, complete description of the culture studied.
weakness: may be biased, findings cannot be widely applied.

33
Q

What does it mean that lifespan is multidimensional?

A

it is affected by an intricate blend of biological, psychological, and social forces

34
Q

what does it mean that lifespan is multidirectional?

A

development is a joint expression of growth and decline over time and within each domain of development

35
Q

what does it mean that development is plastic?

A

As we age, we can adapt to new roles.

36
Q

What are history-graded influences?

A

factors that explain why people born around the same time tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from other generations.

37
Q

what are nonnormative influences?

A

events that are irregular: they happen to just one or a few people and do not follow a predictable timetable

38
Q

what are age-graded influences?

A

events that are strongly related to age and are fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they will last

39
Q

what is information processing theory?

A

a theory inspired by computers that states that the human mind might also be viewed as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows and is coded, transformed, and organized

40
Q

ethiology is…

A

concerned with the adaptive or survival value of behavior and its evolutionary history

41
Q

what is a sensitive period?

A

a time that is optimal for certain capacities to emerge and in which the individual is especially responsive to environmental influences.

42
Q

what is sociocultural theory

A

values, beliefs, customs, and skills of social groups are transmitted from one generation to the next. social interaction (esp. with more knowledgeable members of society) is essential for children to acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that make up that community’s culture.

43
Q

Ecological systems theory views an individual as developing….

A

within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of surrounding environment.

44
Q

in ecological systems theory, family, school, and neighborhood playgrounds may be within a child’s ____________

A

microsystem

45
Q

in ecological system’s theory, the exosystem contain what types of social settings?

A

settings that do not contain the developing person but nevertheless affect experiences in the immediate setting, such as formal organizations, work places, religious institutions, ect.

46
Q

what does the mesosystem refer to?

A

connections between microsystems

47
Q

what is the macrosystem

A

cultural values, laws, customs, and resources

48
Q

the method of research that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional studies are called…

A

sequential studies

49
Q

individuals born in the same time period are called

A

cohorts

50
Q

what are the 5 rights of research participants?

A

Protection from harm, informed consent, privacy, knowledge of results, and beneficial treatments.

Lifespan Psychology (6 decks)

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