Chapter 3: Political and Economic Systems Flashcards
1
Q
What are six names for country leaders?
A
- president
- prime minister
- king
- chancellor
- premir
- Chairman
2
Q
What four things does a lawmaking body include?
A
- congress
- parliament
- diet
- bundestag
3
Q
What makes governments vary?
A
people’s ideology
4
Q
What is the set of beliefs of how the Gov began and where it’s going?
A
ideology
5
Q
What three things effect people’s ideology?
A
- history
- economics
- geography
6
Q
What is a group of people who are ruled by a particular government?
A
body politic
7
Q
What are three types of body politics…?
A
- national
- state
- local
8
Q
The earliest body politics were __________ that were similar in ________, ___________, and ___________.
A
clans or tribes
race
religion
language
9
Q
What was the original tradition regulating majorities and minorities?
A
The tradition began that the majority would rule but minority’s would have rights and were free to try and change the mind of the majority
10
Q
Expansion or nation building moved from the _______, to the _______, then to the ___________.
A
tribe
state
nation
11
Q
How was the expansion of body politics accomplished and name the percentage of the use of the tactit?
A
- physical conquest
95% majority tactic - peaceful union
5% minority tactic
12
Q
What is the key to taking over a political body?
A
nationalism
13
Q
What is a feeling of superiority?
A
nationalism
14
Q
What is loyalty to your country?
A
patriotism
15
Q
What is an example of nationalism and define it?
A
Manifest Destiny: expansion from east to west
16
Q
What was the name of the convention held in south america in 1933?
A
montevideo
17
Q
What were the four requirements of a nation/ nation state established at the montevideo convention?
A
- territories/ specific boundaries
- body politics/ population
- government/ national leadership
- independent foreign policy (couldn’t be a colony)
18
Q
T OR F
No government can exist without power?
A
TRUE
They need power to have control over others
19
Q
Political bodies range in power from ________ to __________ (________).
A
totalitarian to free (democracy)
20
Q
T OR F
All societies is completely free and completely controlled?
A
FALSE
No society is completely free or completely controlled nor do societies always have the same degree of freedom or control
21
Q
What is an example of a totalitarian government and where / who did it happen under?
A
The Hundred Flowers
happed in China under Meow
22
Q
What is an example of a democratic government and where / who did it happen under?
A
Pearl harbor and the Japanese Americans
occurred in the USA
23
Q
T OR F
Lord John Action said “Power tends to corrupt and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely.” This means the more power you have, the less corrupt you become.
A
FALSE
This means the more power you have, the more corrupt you become.
Ex: Stalin, Hitler, FDR
24
Q
How did the Greeks classify governments?
A
according to how may people had powers
25
What is another name for a one person government?
monarchy
26
What is it called when rule is passed down from father to eldest son?
primogeniture
27
What are the two types of monarchs and who do they operate?
- absolute monarch: rule by divine right
| - constitutional monarch: according to law
28
What is the corrupt for of a monarchy called (old and modern)?
Tyrant or Tyrany (ancient greek)
Dictator (modern)
29
What is rule by personal preference called?
dictator/ tyrany
30
How have modern dictators gained power?
through national emergencies/ economic unrest
31
What occurred when a dictator is in power?
all opposition is eliminated and their power becomes permanent (for life)
32
What is another name for government by a small group?
aristocracy
33
What is rule by the best?
aristocracy
34
What form of government were the founding fathers?
aristocracy
35
What is the corrupt for of aristocracy called?
oligarchy
36
What is rule by the few for the few?
oligarchy
37
What is the most common form of Oligarchy called?
Junta
38
What is the military overthrow of a civilian government (cou)
Junta
39
Where are Juntas most common and what occurs after the Gov is overthrown?
south america and africa
they become a dictatorship
40
What is the origin of democracy?
Athens Greece
41
What is an example of democracy where the people vote directly on laws that govern them?
mayflower compact
42
What were two variations of democracy that occurred as population grew?
- Republic
| - Representative democracy
43
Explain the difference between democratic republican representative democracy?
Democratic republic is where you elect individuals to make the best decision
representative democracy is where you elect people to vote your conscience
44
What is the corrupt form of democracy called?
anarchy
45
What is ruled by no one (mob rule) called?
anarchy
46
What are the three different structures of government?
- parliamentary system
- presidential system
- autocratic system
47
How was the parliamentary system divided how was power given to those divisions?
- House of commons\elected
| - House of lords\hereditary
48
Who best reflects a parliamentary system?
England
49
What is the power base of the parliamentary system?
House of commons
50
T OR F
The power to execute the laws theoretically is given to the queen of England and that is still true today?
FALSE
The power to excute the laws theoretically is given to the monarch but to be the queen of England is merely a figurehead for show
51
Where does the queen of england and get advice from in terms of governing her country?
Queen follows the advice of the prime minister who is a member of the house of commons which comes from the majority party
52
T OR F
It is not necessary to have a monarch in a parliamentary system?
TRUE
53
What is it called where the president is the head of the state and the government but is not a member of the lawmaking body?
Presidential system
54
T OR F
In the presidential system, the president is a member of the lawmaking body?
FALSE
In the presidential system the president is not a member of the lawmaking body
55
T OR F
In an autocratic system the people choose their leaders.
FALSE
In an autocratic system the people do not choose their leaders rather leaders choose themselves and then impose their will
56
What are two common forms of leaders in an autocratic system?
- dictators
| - olgerchys
57
T or F
Autocratic systems have lawmaking bodies and make their own rules?
False
Autocratic systems have while making bodies but they are merely a rubberstamp and do what they are told
58
How countries carry on economic activity is influenced by what?
their political system
59
What is the study of how people make a living, carry-on trade, and use resources?
economics
60
What are the four types of economic systems?
- Traditional System
- Command System
- Market System
- Mixed System
61
In a traditional system is a little change over time?
there’s a little change over time because there’s a slim margin between life and death
62
In a traditional system what is survival depend on?
survival depends on continuing in the ways that proved successful in the past
Little surplus with which to experiment
63
What type of farming is practiced in a traditional system?
intensive farming: a lot of people less land
64
what is it called and there are less people and a lot of land?
extensive farming
65
In a command system how is what how and for whom determined by?
Central authority
66
What does a command system interfere with?
The liberties of its citizens
67
What are the three types of command systems?
- communism
- socialism
- fascism
68
In a communist system who owns the land and means of production?
The government owns both
| example Cuba
69
What are the two types of socialism?
- marxist-leninist socialism aka communism
| - democratic socialism
70
In a democratic socialism economy who owns the means of production and the land?
The government owns the means of production in the people own the land
71
In a fascist economic system who owns the means of production and who owns the land?
The people on both the landing means of production however the government has great regulatory power over economic life of people
72
What are four examples of fascism based command economies? (name people and country)
- Germany with Hitler
- Italy with Mussolini
- Spain with Franco
- Argentina with Peron
73
What are the five characteristics of a fascist country?
- highly nationalistic
- individual secondary to the state
- anti-communist and anti-socialist
- racial superiority
- only one political party is tolerated
74
In a market system what is produced is determined by the ______, how is determined by the _____, for whom is determined by the _____.
consumer
producer
money
75
What is the interaction of buyers and sellers in the market place?
market system
76
What are four characteristics of pure capitalism?
- private ownership of capital
- free enterprise
- free markets
- freedom of choice
77
What is another name for a mixed system?
market plus command
78
T OR F
In a mixed system, some goods must be produced outside the market system.
TRUE
Examples include roads, bridges, and national defense
79
T OR F
In a mixed system everything is privately owned.
FALSE
In the mix system not everything is privately owned
80
The relationship between a market economy and a democracy went there were three stages in the USA?
- laissez-faire
- moderate involvement
- strong interference
81
Adam Smith wrote what book and what did it support?
Adam Smith wrote the wealth of Nations which supported laissez-faire and rejected mercantilism
82
Moderate involvement regarded regulation of big businesses including what for government issued acts?
- Interstate commerce act\Northern securities act
- Sherman antitrust act
- Cellar Ant-merge Act
- Clayton antitrust act
83
The government passed a bunch of plans to create jobs. Name four acts...
- social Security
- Tennessee Valley Authority
- wpa
- ccc
84
In a command economy with Totalitarian rule, economic decisions made...?
Economic decisions are made on the basis of what would allow the nation to dominate this includes the nationalization of important industries
85
What is communism based on the ideas of?
- Karl Marx
| - Frederick Engles
86
Karl Marx wrote what to books?
- communist manifesto
| - DAS Kapital
87
What was the cause of the problem according to Karl Marx?
The problem was private ownership of wealth. He said The class struggle between the workers in the owners was inevitable.
88
What is another name for workers in the communism economy?
proletariats
89
What is another name for owners in the communist economy?
bourgeoisie
90
What were the two phrases stated in the communist manifesto?
- A dictatorship would be set up
| - The dictator would step down and come in a society would be established
91
In a communist country when a dictatorship would be set up what will happen to all opposition and what would the government do?
all opposition would be crushed in the government will take control of all property and wealth
92
What are the three characteristics of a utopian society?
- common ownership of property
- only one social class\proletariats
- no conflict of property because everyone will share everything equally
93
According to the communist slogan what is to be said about the government?
as a result of the society there would be no need for government
94
In what two ways was a communist manifesto wrong?
- in capitalist countries, class welfare has not corrupted rather owners and workers have chosen means aside from conflict to resolve differences
- The dictator did not step down as promised. In fact, Stalin consolidated their power by establishing the Cheka\secret please and the godsplan\five-year plan
95
What are human beings living together in a group?
society
96
What are two things the oldest societies depended on?
- the best hunter/ fighter
| - the oldest member
97
What two purposes do laws serve?
- protect people from each other
| - make everyday life functions smooth
98
What are people who decide on laws for society and the power to enforce laws?
government
99
What are the three objections of politics?
- art and science of governing
- art of persuading others to follow a particular course of action
- using personal influence in order to manipulate others
100
Poltics involve _____ + ______ to decide issues.
discussion + bargining
101
Where does success come from?
compromise
102
What is the process through which people form ideas about the government?
political socialization
